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ene, 2019: 16). Pemberton, however, has no interest in the colonial cause. Everything in his office is put casually. “The filing cabinet was unlocked: the trays on the desk were filled by papers dusty with inattention” (Greene, 2019: 78). Instead, he is addicted to alcoholism, which has put him in debt. Trapped in the predicament of failing to pay the loan for Yusef, Pemberton is threatened to smuggle industrial diamonds for Yusef. In the wartime, industrial diamonds are smuggled into Germany, which seriously violates the interest of the UK. Overwhelmed by the threat, Pemberton chooses suicide to escape his crisis. His letters to his father relentlessly exposes his escapism. He writes “Dear Dad, Forgive all this trouble. There doesn’t seem anything to do. It’s a pity I’m not in the army because then I might be killed” (Greene, 2019: 78). He would rather be killed in the army than threaten by Yusef. Unable to tolerate the condition he dwells in, Pemberton chooses to escape in the way of suicide. Just as Jean Baechler puts forward, escapist suicide is caused by the intolerable situations. In the course of dealing with the aftermath, Scobie discovers he shares the similar nickname with Pemberton. The nickname of Pemberton is “Dicky” and that of his is “Ticki”. 

Conclusion

The core issue in The Heart of the Matter is the death of the protagonist Scobie. After studying the origin, catalyst and ending of Scobie’s death, this thesis draws the conclusion that the reasons of Scobie’s death lie in class, marriage, racism and psychology. 

In terms of class, the theory of marginality is applied to analyze it. The origin of Scobie’s death is to trap into marginality. This marginality comes from his self-marginalization and being-marginalized. The self-marginalization results from his violation against the core ideology of his class whose core creed is colonialism. The three forces of Westerns, Africans and his wife lead to his being-marginalized. Under the forces of double marginality, Scobie falls into the existential dilemma which has become the motivator to his death. Scobie’s dilemma manifests in both marriage and racism aspects. In terms of marriage and racism, the theory of trauma and Orientalism are employed to analyze them. In marriage aspect, after experiencing the trauma of losing daughter, Scobie commits adultery. In racism aspect, under the influence of Orientalism, he commits murder. Such existential dilemma triggers the psychological crisis for him, which has leads to his final suicide. In terms of psychology aspect, the death instinct is used to analyze it. The dilemma of love and guilt of murdering Ali haunted Scobie all the time. Under the impetus of death instinct, he chose suicide to escape his predicament. 

reference(omitted)

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