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rfect secret has been sensed by a few people around him. Louise’s friend is on the list. Informed by her friend, Louise, who is far away in South Africa, knows about her husband’s extramarital affair and hurries back. When Helen learns that Louise is coming back, she forces Scobie to divorce and marry her. When she gets a negative answer from Scobie, she forces Scobie to prove his love to her by writing a love letter. Unable to bear Helen’s sadness, Scobie writes a love letter with his signature and puts it under Helen’s door. Unluckily, the letter falls into Yusef’s hands, an evil Syrian businessman who makes his fortune by smuggling diamonds to the government of Germany in the WWII. 

Although Yusef only appears six times in the novel, he takes up a vital role in Scobie’s journey to his downfall. To highlight Yusef’s significance, Greene gives a detailed description of this character. In appearance, he has a mouth full of gold teeth and a big face like dough. He has thick thighs and two fat hands. A strand of black hair is on his chest and a strand of white hair droops behind his head. In residence, he lives in a room with “hideous mauve silk cushions, the threads showing where the damp was rotting the covers, the tangerine curtains. Even the blue syphon of soda was in the same place: they had an eternal air like the furnishings of hell” (Greene, 2019: 136). In character, Yusef is very cunning. 

Chapter Three  The Result of Scobie’s Death: Ended in Suicide ........................ 34

3.1 Awakening of Death Instinct: Pemberton’s Death ...................... 34

3.2 Deepening of Death Instinct: Dilemma in Love ...................... 37

3.3 Outburst of Death Instinct: Guilt of Murder .............................. 40

Conclusion .............................. 43

Chapter Three  The Result of Scobie’s Death: Ended in Suicide

3.1 Awakening of Death Instinct: Pemberton’s Death

On the road to suicide, Scobie’s suicidal awareness is first aroused by Pemberton’s suicide. As Lewis declares, for Scobie “[t]he mode of Pemberton’s death may have released in him a congenial self-destructive impulse” (Lewis, 1973: 71). According to Freud, the self-destructive impulse is defined as death instinct. “[t]here must exist another, contrary instinct seeking to dissolve those units and to bring them back to their primeval, inorganic state. That is to say as well as Eros there was an instinct of death” (Freud, 2003: 309). Death instinct is an impulse towards self-destruction. Among the destructive behaviors, suicide takes up the most destructive place. Despite all people are born with death instinct, this does not mean that it will be exerted on everyone to the extremity. The awakening of the death instinct requires some incentives. Some horrible incidents such as trauma and wars all provide the chance for the awakening of such drive.

In the novel, Greene deliberately arranges Scobie to deal with the aftermath of Pemberton’s suicide. An increasing proportion of death has been witnessed by Scobie in his tenure. As a young commissioner who is in charge of the district of Bamba, Pemberton is only 25 years old and his career is promising. As Scobie declares the war “gives the younger men a chance” (Gre本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。