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een literal translation and free translation.These twoconcepts provided a deeper insight into the traditional notions of literal translation andfree translation and provided a new direction for translation studies at that time.Bothsides,he argues,overlook the fact that translation must also take into account the purposeof translation,the characteristics of the audience,and the type of text.Newmark arguesthat emphasizing the source language and the target language can create a gap,but thisgap can be narrowed through semantic and communicative translation(Munday,2016).Newmark(2001a)believes that only those forms of translation that focus on bothsemantic and communicative aspects of language can truly meet the two fundamentalgoals of translation:accuracy and economy.

Semantic translation is centered on the original text.It requires that the content ofexpression be limited to the cultural scope of the original text,and the concept of nationalculture in the original text should not be changed.The focus of semantic translation liesin the semantic analysis of words and sentences,with the goal of ensuring that thetranslated text retains the same meaning and format as the original text as possible.

2.2 Related Studies of Communicative Translation Theory

Newmark’s translation theory provided a new direction for translation research atthat time,and some famous foreign translation experts made comments on it andexpressed their views.For example,the famous translator Eugene Nida affirms hiscontribution and holds that Newmark’s main contribution is to make a detailed discussionon communicative translation and semantic translation.In addition,Hatim and Mason(1990:7)mention in their book Discourse and Translator that“the advantage of thisformulation is that the categories,as defined,cover more of the‘middle ground’oftranslation practice”.They believe that Newmark’s translation theory is less extreme thanNida’s formal equivalence and more consistent with common translation theory.

The translator searched the literature on Newmark’s communicative translationtheory on CNKI.Through browsing and reading literature,it was found that sinceNewmark’s translation theory was introduced to China in 1980,communicativetranslation theory has been widely applied in various fields of translation research.

Chapter 3 Translation Process ................................ 11

3.1 Pre-translation Preparation ............................... 11

3.2 While-translation Procedure ....................... 12

Chapter 4 Case Analysis .............................. 14

4.1 Lexical Level...................................... 14

4.1.1 Conversion ............................ 14

4.1.2 Amplification................................. 16

Chapter 5 Conclusion ................................... 35

5.1 Major Gains............................. 35

5.2 Limitations ............................... 36

Chapter 4 Case Analysis

4.1 Lexical Level

Vocabulary is the smallest unit of a sentence or text.Determining the meaning ofwords is very important in translation.The translator must accurately comprehend andconvey the intended meaning based on the original author’s choi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。