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Firstly, the collection of parallel texts. Parallel text entails any pertinent information closely related to the source text (Cai 3-4). For translators, parallel text can help them find the right way to present the source text and ensure translation precision to the greatest extent. To enrich the experience and understanding for readers embarking on the English-Chinese translation journey of See America First, the translator gained several similar Chinese versions of English tourist books. For example, Travels with Charley: In Search of the America by John Steinbeck (约翰·斯坦贝克《与查理同行：寻找美国》)— Steinbeck’s classic provides an intimate look at the American landscape and its inhabitants, echoing the themes of discovery and national identity prevalent in See America First. Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail by Cheryl Strayed (切丽尔·斯特雷德《荒野生存：太平洋山脊步道徒步记》) —This memoir offers a powerful and personal narrative of traversing wild America, resonating with the adventurous spirit of exploration. Notes from a Small Island by Bill Bryson (比尔·布莱森《小岛笔记》)— Although focused on Britain, Bryson’s keen observations and humorous style provide a template for engaging travel writing that can be appreciated in parallel to American journeys. Reading these books in tandem with See America First provided the translator a multidimensional view of travel writing, enhance cross-cultural appreciation, and offer various perspectives on storytelling that capture the heart of a nation’s landscape and people. 

2.2  Translating

There is no doubt that the translation process holds critical significance in the translation practice and hinges on the translator’s deep comprehension and rendition of the source text. Grasping the meaning of the source text is the key to complete the translation task successfully. Therefore, the process of translation implementation was divided into two parts: understanding the source text and producing the translation. 

Initially, the translator set the following goals for the initial translation:

1) The sentences conform to Chinese expression habits; 2) Strive to guarantee the objectivity and rigor of the translation; 3) Put the reader first.

Secondly, the translator comprehended the source text. If translators translate the source text without fully understanding it, they fail to express the exact meaning of the source text. Therefore, the translator perused See America First to grasp its main content and overall tone. Then she read the whole text carefully, captured the author’s intention and understood the significance of the article. Meanwhile, she marked some professional terms and sentences that are difficult to understand, and searched for obscure words through parallel texts, online dictionaries, and other Internet resources. 

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework ....................... 9

3.1 Development of Variational Translation Theory ................... 9

3.2 Variational Techniques ......................... 10

3.3 Studies on Variational Translation Theory ...................... 11

Chapter Four Case Analysis ........................ 14

4.1 Adding .............................. 14

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