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Firstly, the translator read the source text several times. On the first reading, the translator skimmed through the whole text to get a general idea of the main content as well as the language style of the source text. On the second reading, the translator read the original text carefully, trying to understand every word and sentence of the original text, and marked the words, sentences as well as proper nouns that are equivocal for the translator, on which the translator would focus in his translation. On the basis of the first two readings, the translator tried to accurately understand the intrinsic connections between words, sentences, and paragraphs during the third intensive reading. In addition, the translator also created two tables, namely the translation of the persons’ names and the translation of the work titles (see Appendix A), for the convenience of the translator during the translating. 

Secondly, the translator collected the tools and relevant information that can be used for translation. Dictionaries, such as Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition and Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary were used to look up unfamiliar words and terminologies. Some websites, such as Baidu and Microsoft Bing and CNKI, as well as some relevant books and articles recommended by the translator’s supervisor helped the translator learn about the information of the original author, Carol Ann Duffy and her poetry, and the cultural background of the source text. In addition, some of the translated Duffy’s works provided references for the translator to translate Duffy’s poetic lines. 

2.2 Translating

With sufficient preparations, the translator started the translation. The process of translation is a process of identifying problems and solving them. During the process of translating the source text, the translator encountered some difficulties and ultimately found the solutions. The main difficulties confronting the translator are as follows. 

To begin with, some proper nouns and terminologies in the source text are unfamiliar to the translator and were difficult to translate. Since the source text is an academic text with literary criticism, it contains some literary terms that the translator had never seen. So, the translator looked them up in dictionaries and websites for their unified translations in order to make the translation more accurate. In addition, the translation of some culture-loaded words with specific cultural background were also obstacles for the translator. To convey the cultural connotations of these words and to enrich the reader’s knowledge, the translator used the translation method of annotation and explanation. 

To begin with, some proper nouns and terminologies in the source text are unfamiliar to the translator and were difficult to translate. Since the source text is an academic text with literary criticism, it contains some literary terms that the translator had never seen. So, the translator looked them up in dictionaries and websites for their unified translations in order to make the translation more accurate. In addition, the translation of some culture-loaded words with specific cultural background were also obstacles for the translator. To convey the cultural connotations of these words and to enrich the reader’s knowledge, the translator used the translation meth本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。