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vitably contains many French or English words with distinct cultural backgrounds, like “The Resistance”, referring to the internal French forces fighting against Nazi armies occupying Paris during World War Ⅱ; “Hexagon”, a figurative word representing the French land by its shape; “Cremieux decree”, named after the after French-Jewish lawyer and Minister of Justice Adolphe Crémieux, a law that granted French citizenship to the majority of the Jewish population in French Algeria; some are even very intricated, like the “pieds-noirs”, originally referring to sailors working in boiler room with their feet colored by coal in 1900s, indicating the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962 in the source text. These words can cause difficulties for foreign readers because they may not share the same values, beliefs, assumptions, or expectations as the writer or the intended audience. They may also have different emotional reactions or associations to these words, which can affect their comprehension and engagement with the text. In this sense, the translator should do thorough research for each possible culture-loaded word and utilize proper translation methods to mitigate the obstruction target readers might face. 

2.2 Syntactic Features

As the source text is about historical events and translation studies, which requires objective description, it features long sentences with multiple clauses. This could also be attribute to both the characteristics of English writing itself, like the extensive application of attributive clauses, particle phrases and prepositional phrases, and the specific writing style of the author as Angela Kershaw is a professor specified to translation studies. For example, “For Algiers to become Paris both symbolically and effectively is an act of appropriation which contravenes the laws of hospitality according to which I invite you into my space without fearing that my space will become your space.” Multiple attributive clauses are use in this single long sentence. Under the guidance of functional equivalence, proper analysis of sentence elements and suitable translation methods are required to make the target text meets the reading habitude of Chinese readers. 

Chapter 3 Theoretic Guidance ............................... 6

3.1 Introduction to Functional Equivalence ........................ 6

3.2 Functional Equivalence as the Guidance in the Project..................... 6

Chapter 4 Translation Difficulties and Corresponding Solutions ............... 8

4.1 Culture-Loaded Words ................................ 8

4.1.1 Literal Translation with Annotations ..................... 8

4.1.2 Sense-for-sense translation .......................... 10

Chapter 5 Conclusion ............................ 22

5.1 Gains .......................................... 22

5.2 Problems to Be Solved .................................. 23

Chapter 4 Translation Difficulties and Corresponding Solutions

4.1 Culture-loaded Words

A culture-loaded word is a word or phrase that conveys a certain 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。