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rit of them impressed him most. It sets the stage for his enlistment later. Besides, his father’s work is transferred, then his living and learning place will change accordingly. This requires him to adapt to the teaching schedule and teaching content of different schools, which is a big challenge for him at a young age. He even makes mischief in classroom, so that he is punished. After graduating from high school at the age of 17, he ended up as a trainee chef in a restaurant. Anyway, Paul is a naughty boy who gets his father into trouble.

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

2.1 Origin of Variational Translation Theory

Domestic research on translation transformation can be traced back to the translation of Buddhist classics. Throughout the course of human history, there have been numerous influential examples of variational translation in practice, spanning from ancient times to the end of the twentieth century (Huang & Zhang, 2020). However, at that time, variational translation was not fully studied (Huang, 2002b). After 1949, scholars in the translation circle gradually realized that compared with the abundant translation practice, the construction of Chinese translation theory lacked systematization, and the achievements of theoretical construction were relatively insufficient (Mu & Fu, 2018). At the turn of the century, translation studies were at a crossroads (Bassnett, 2012). And Chinese translation met western translation studies unexpectedly, and academic resources were once rolling in. Later, Chinese scholars began to construct Chinese translation theories. And they gradually moved from theoretical consciousness to theoretical confidence. 

In a short period, scholars devoted themselves to theoretical innovation. Some of them expanded theories from interdisciplinary perspectives, some innovated from traditional translation theory perspectives, and some started with summarizing practical experience. However, a part of the created theories did not last long and ended up in failure. However, professor Huang summarized, concluded and analyzed various translation variants from the historical and realistic levels, and put forward the concept of variation translation. Then it has introduced theoretical resources from traditional translation studies, and conducted a multi-level and comprehensive systematic study of various varieties of translation from an interdisciplinary perspective (Fang & Wang, 2022). “Chinese translators generally agree that translation theories should be based on practice, for otherwise they become castles in the air or trees without roots” (Luo & Lei, 2004: 24). 

2.2 Development of Variational Translation Theory

Translation theory was first developed in China in the late 1990s, and has gone through the construction period (1998-2008), development period (2009-2017) and expansion period (2018-) (Yu & Huang, 2023). The idea of variational translation began at the end of the last century. In 1997, Professor Huang Zhonglian proposed the concept of translation variants while attending the first International Translation Symposium on Translation Studies in Beijing. Subsequently, the theory of translation has undergone a series of conceptual elaboration, during which the definition of translation has been improved and the related concepts have been unified and standardized. In 2000, Research on Tran本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。