摘要:本文是英语论文范文,本研究考察社会变量中性别差异和礼貌程度对回应策略的影响,具体来说是敦煌以及兰州各自的顾客性别差异和礼貌程度对服务员回应策略的影响,同时对比发现两地服务员回应策略的异同之处。
rn scholar who proposes the speech act theory andrecognizes that there is often no clear distinction between speaking and acting andthat words are in themselves actions. Austin (1962) asserts in his book How to DoThings with Words that when people try to express themselves, they do not onlyproduce utterances, they also perform certain actions simultaneously through theutterances. Actions performed through utterances are called speech acts generally, andare usually described in more specific terms such as request, thanking or inquiry.Austin (1962) recognizes when a speaker makes an utterance, three acts areperformed simultaneously: the locutionary act, which means the dimensions oflanguage such as phonetics, syntax and semantics, is the basic act of utterance. Theillocutionary act means expressing the speaker’s intention which is the act performedthrough uttering the actual form of words for the communicative purpose. Theperlocutionary act means the consequential effect of an utterance. That is to say, whatresults will happen by the utterance.
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2.2 Politeness Theory
Politeness is one of the fundamental principles in human interactions. Theconcept of politeness is proposed by Leech for the reason of explaining thephenomenon why people flout cooperative maxims proposed by Grice. Leech puts outpoliteness principle and tries to give explanations of some conversational behaviorwhich cooperative principle cannot provide satisfactory explanation.Brown and Levinson (1987) puts out politeness theory grounded on the conceptof face. They think “face” is the “public self-image” that every people wants to haveand try to claim for themselves. Moreover, they classify face into two aspects:positive face and negative face. Positive face is one’s desire to be accepted,appreciated and approved of while negative face is one’s wants to be independent andto have the freedom from imposition.
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Chapter Three Literature Review ..........15
3.1 Studies on Inquiry Speech Act ..........15
3.1.1 Studies on Inquiry Abroad .....17
3.1.2 Studies on Inquiry at Home ..............20
3.2 Studies on Responses to Speech Acts...........23
3.2.1 Studies on Responses to Speech Acts Abroad ........23
3.2.2 Studies on Responses to Speech Acts At Home......25
3.3 Studies on Politeness in Service Discourse.............26
3.4 The Cross-cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP)............28
Chapter Four Method........30
4.1 Research Questions ......30
4.2 Research Hypotheses ..............31
4.3 Participants........324.4 Instrument .........33
4.5 Design ......34
4.6 Role-play ............39
Chapter Five Results..........47
5.1 Results of Research Question One....47
5.2 Results of Research Question Two....53
5.3 Results of Research Question Three............56
5.4. Results of Research Question Four.............59
Chapter Five Results
This chapter shows the results obtained in role-play on the ground of the datacoding system described in Chapter Four. First, I examined the overall patterns ofservice staff’s response strategies employed in Dunhuang and Lanzhou. Second, Istudied the effects of gender difference and politeness degree on Dunhuang servicestaff’s choices of response strategies separately. Third, I analyzed the similarities anddiffere
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