英语论文网

matin states: an open-and-shut case
例33　Bitter-sweet symphony: defining the role of dendritic cell gp120 receptors in HIV infection
例34　The dsRNA binding protein family: critical roles, diverse cellular functions
例35　Selective gene regulation with designed transcription factors: implications for therapy
例36　The tetraspanin superfamily: molecular facilitators
例37　RNA interference: silencing in the cytoplasm and nucleus
例38　RNA interference: Cereal adultery
例39　CD81 (TAPA-1): a molecule involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion in the immune system

 

二、英文文题的写作要求
1. 简单明了:
文题首先要简短明了,既能概括全篇又能引人瞩目,既不要过于概括以至空泛,也不能太烦琐而淹没主题。文题不应过长。国外科技期刊一般对文题字数有所限制。例如,美国医学会规定文题不超过2行,每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格;英国数学会要求文题不超过12个词。这些规定可供我们参考。简化文题的方法有多种,如:
(1)用介词简化文题介词用法复杂多变,若使用恰当,可删繁就简,明晰主题。如“肝移植治疗急性肝衰竭”,译为“Treatment of acute hepatic failure by liver transplantation”似乎已很得体,但“Liver transplantation for acute hepatic failure”则更简洁。
(2)名词作定语代替介词短语有时由于有多重修饰关系,往往会产生“名词+of短语+of短语”的情况,使题目臃肿费解。在语法允许范围内将其中一个短语中的名词提取出来充当前置的定语,可以很好地解决这个问题。如Changes of expression of CD205 in the dendritic cell in mice in hot environment”一例中,5个介词短语构成了重叠的修饰关系,而将划线部分改为“Changes of CD205 expression”就显得清爽许多;其他例子如将“patients with cancer”改为“cancer patients”,将“levels of estrogen in the serum”改为“serum estrogen levels”等,都会起到明显效果。
(3)去掉冗词中文文题中常有“研究”、“观察”、“治疗”、“评价”之类的词(这些词在中文文题中其实也是多余的),大多数作者在翻译时把它照搬到英文中来,更无必要。例如:
我们可以把“Surgical treatment of cancer of the large intestine:clincal analysis and long-term results of 921 cases”简化为“Surgery for cancer of the large intestine:report of 921 cases”至于“clincal analysis”和“long-term results”不写出来也不影响文章核心内容的表达。因此,象study/studies/research (es) on/of..., treatment of/for...之类词在很多情况下是可以省略的。
但当这类词前有修饰语,以此表明该项研究或调查具有某种特殊性,如比较性(comparative)、回顾性(retrospective)、前瞻性(prospective)等,有关“研究”、“观察”、“调查”的字眼(study,research,observation,investigation...)则不能省略。如下面划线的词若删去,就无法看出研究的性质了。
A comparative study of 2 imaging techniques for the diagnosis of condylar fractures in children.
Comparative study of the FAIR Technique of Perfusion Quantification With the Hydrogen Clearance Method.
A 4-year follow-up of a randomized prospective study comparing transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate with neodymium: YAG laser therapy for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Prospective evaluation of two stimulation protocols for low responders who were undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.
A randomized, prospective comparison of end-tidal CO2pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in low and high flow anesthetic system.
2.句通意顺
英文文题的通顺主要是指其结构合乎语法规则和普遍认同的审美观点,而且逻辑关系清楚,指代明确。但往往一些表面上通顺的文题,逻辑上却可能存在错误。举例如下:
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