ehearer. ” (Terkourafi)(4) “Impolite speech is the utterance which violates the norms under the certaincontext and the inadaptability of pragmatic distance which the interactants perceive. Itis dynamic and has relativity. It can both reflect the negative and the positivecommunication value.” (Zhang Damao, 2009)
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Chapter Three Theoretical Foundation......14
3.1An Introduction to Rapport Management Theory.......14
3.2 Components of Rapport Management ..........15
3.2.1 Quality Face and Identity Face.....15
3.2.2 Equity Rights andAssociation Rights.........16
Chapter Four Rapport Management and Impoliteness in Fortress Besieged.......18
4.1 Rapport-Threatening Behavior and Impoliteness in Fortress Besieged ........18
4.2 Management of Face and Impoliteness.........19
4.2.1 Quality Face and Impoliteness......19
4.2.2 Identity Face and Impoliteness .....27
4.3 Management of Sociality Rights..... 36
4.3.1 Equity Rights and Impoliteness.... 36
4.3.2Association Rights and Impoliteness.......... 39
Chapter Five Conclusion...... 48
5.1 Main Findings of the Study ..... 48
5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Study..... 49
Chapter Four Rapport Management and Impoliteness in Fortress Besieged
Spencer-Oatey divides rapport management into two general kinds, that is,violation of the management of face and the management of sociality rights, andreclassified into four types, quality face, identity face, equity rights and associationrights. Here the impolite examples are selected from Fortress Besieged and are dividedinto four groups according to our theory.
4.1 Rapport-Threatening Behavior and Impoliteness in FortressBesieged
This part is going to address the rationality and feasibility to apply rapportmanagement theory to analyzing verbal impoliteness, and seek answers to “why wecan take this theory as our theoretical foundation to analyze verbal impoliteness inFortress Besieged?”The theory of rapport management is identified as the management of harmony ordisharmony in interactions. When we do some thing impolitely, it is believed tothreaten harmonious relationship. For Spencer-Oatey, interpersonal communication hasparticular orientation, including rapport enhancement orientation, rapport maintenanceorientation, rapport neglect orientation, and rapport challenge orientation. When in asituation where people hold a rapport enhancement orientation, that means they wantto strengthen or enhance harmony of their relations between the interlocutors. Onoccasion where people hold a rapport-maintenance orientation, a desire to maintain orprotect harmonious relations is shared by the interlocutors. Holding a rapport-neglectorientation, interlocutors have a lack of concern or interest in the quality of relationsbetween them, including when they both have a mere focus on self. When people insiston a rapport-challenge orientation, it means that they want to challenge or impair theharmonious relationship. According to Spencer-Oatey, people who behave impolitelyoften hold a rapport-challenge orientation. They are not eager to strengthen or maintainharmonious relations.
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Conclusion
This chapter is the last part of this thesis. It includes two parts, that is, the majorfindings of the present research, and limitations of the presen
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