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歧义,即同一话语有模棱两可的不同含义,它影响表达的准确性和对话语的正确理解。歧义现象是一种复杂的语言现象。常见的有词汇歧义,即同一词汇由于词义不同或词类不同引起的歧义,结构歧义,即同一短语或句子由于语法关系不同或语义关系不同引起的歧义。英语修饰语有两大类,一类是名词修饰语,即修饰名词或名词词组的语法成分,它包括定语和同位语;另一类是修饰动词或动词词组的称为状语。本文想就语法教学中经常碰到的修饰语中的歧义现象,试作归纳和分析以求比较准确地描述语法结构和语义关系,提高语言分析能力。

一、定语/状语　

当介词短语紧跟在名词或名词词组之后,其本身又位于句末时,该介词短语既可修饰它前面的名词作定语,也可修饰动词、动词词组或全句作状语。He saw the girl with glasses.释义:①He saw the girlwho was wearing glasses.他看见了那位戴眼镜的姑娘。②With glasses, he saw the girl.他戴上眼镜看到了那位姑娘。He greeted the lady with a smile.释义:①He greeted thelady who was smiling.他向那位面带笑容的女士致意。②With a smile, he greeted the lady.他面带笑容地向那位女士致意。She answered all the questions on the paper.释义:①Sheanswered all the questions which were written down on thepaper.她回答了试卷上所有的问题。②She wrote down theanswers to all the questions on the paper.她把所有问题的答案都写在试卷上了。

二、定语中的歧义现象　

有以下几种情况。1、词义不同(词类相同)　a beautiful dancer一位长相美的舞蹈演员/一位舞姿优美的舞蹈演员　an old friend一位年老的朋友/一位结交多年的朋友2、词类不同　an English student adj.一位英国学生/n.一位英语专业的学生　a criminal lawyer adj.犯了罪的律师/n.专门研究刑法的律师3、层次不同　old men and women老爷爷们和老奶奶们/老爷爷们和妇女们　more intresting books更多的有趣的书/更有趣的书4、语法关系不同　He wants a girl to finish the cleaning.释义:①He wants a girl who will finish the cleaning.他想请个女孩把清洁做完。②He wants a girl that he can finish thecleaning with her help.他想请个女孩帮助他把清洁做完。I found a man hidden behind the bushes.释义:①I founda man who was hidden behind the bushes.我发现了灌木后藏着的那个人。②I found that a man was hidden behind thebushes.我发现有个人藏在灌木后面。5、语义关系不同　The reminiscences of my father werevery interesting.释义:①What my father reminisced was veryinteresting.我父亲的回忆非常有趣。②To reminisce myfather was very interesting.回忆我的父亲非常有趣。The praise of famous men is nothing new to him.释义:①The praise given by famous men is nothing new to him.知名人士的赞扬对他来说并不是什么新鲜事。②To praise famousmen is nothing new to him.赞扬知名人士对他来说并不是什么新鲜事https://www.51lunwen.org/。

三、状语中的歧义现象　

英语中状语的位置很灵活,因此常造成修饰对象不明确而引起歧义。1、语法关系不同　(1)时间状语: We have neverknow him lose his temper before.以前我们不知道他发脾气(before修饰have never known)。我们不知道他以前发脾气(before修饰lose his temper)。The police were ordered to stop drinking after midnight.警察受命禁止午夜后饮酒(after midnight修饰drinking)。警察受命午夜后禁止饮酒(after midnight修饰to stopdrinking)。警察午夜后受命禁止饮酒(after midnight修饰were ordered)。(2)地点状语: I observed John in the gardedn.释义:①It was in the garden that I observed John.我在花园里看见了约翰。②I observed John who was in the garden.我看见约翰在花园里。释义:①It was on the barbecue spit that Tom made hiswife turn.汤姆把他的妻子在烤肉架的铁签子上翻了个身。②Tom who was on the barbecue spit made his wife turn.汤姆在烤肉架的铁签子上把他妻子翻了个身。③Tom made hiswife keep turning the barbecur spit.汤姆让他妻子不停地翻动烤肉架。　　(3)偏斜修饰语(squinting modifier):偏斜修饰语是指修饰语处于某种中间位置,既可理解为修饰上文的某个词,也可理解为修饰下文的某个词,从而引起歧义。The players were told constantly to concentrate on thefundamentals.释义:①The players were constantly told toconcentrate on the fundamentals.运动员们被不断地告诫要集中精力训练基本功。②The players were told to constantlyconcentrate on the fundamentals.运动员们被告诫要不断地集中精力训练基本功。He taught his students effectively touse English idioms.释义:①He taught his students toeffectively to use English idioms.他教学生有效地使用英语习语。②He taught his students to use English idioms effectively.他有效地教给学生使用英语习语。2、语义关系不同　(1)方向/位置: He ran outside.他跑到外面去了。/他在外面跑。He dived in the water.他潜入水中。/他在水里潜游。(2)形容词加不定式结构: The chicken is ready to eat.释义:①The chicken is hungry and wa本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。