英语论文网

not perish from
the earth.”(……倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务———我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。)[2](P74-77)

 

三、通过词的作用,借助想象实现美学价值
想象是对现实的感性反映,但很多想象是通过词的作用而形成,并通过词使之清楚而有内容。词帮助人们想象,树立起视觉形象与听觉形象,在头脑中勾画出一幅幅时而惊险、时而缠绵、时而静谧、时而喧闹的图象。例如Samuel Taylor Coleridge的The Rime of the Ancient Mariner中的几节诗句:“All in a hot and copper sky/The bloody sun, at noon, / Right up above the mast did stand / No bigger than the moon. / Day after day, day after day, / We stuck, nor breath nor motion: / As idle as a painted ship/Upon a painted ocean.(午时的烈日,酷热难耐。日复一日,行船无法推进,成了画中之舟。炫人的光彩,无声无息,除了毒日洒下的炎热,好象生命都停止了活动。)And now there came both mist andsnow, /And it grewwondrouscold; / And ice, mast-high, came floating by/As green as emerald. (行至极带,雾气漫漫,白雪皑皑,高及桅杆的浮冰漂移而来,鲜绿鲜绿,给白色寂静的冰雪世界不但点缀了清凉、明艳的感觉,而且赋予其生命意义。)The ice was here, the ice was there, /The ice was all around:/ It cracked and growld and roared and howled. / Like noises in a swound. (冰雪遍地。在这样一个相对静止的境界里,冰山的撞击声和开裂声,似狗吠,似狼嗥,似狮吼,更为这个冰天雪地的世界注入了自然的活力。)
Coleridge从未到过极区,妙笔生花的原因有二:一是他有相关事物的感性知识;二是他读过极区描写的书籍资料,有一定的理性知识。有一点可以肯定,那就是他确切的懂得这些词的意义,并且运用得非常妥帖,妥帖得唤起了人们的想象,可以使读者在头脑中形成有关历史事件、地理风貌、几何形状、自然现象的生动形象,从而加深对这些知识的理解、记忆和运用。
请再看Alfred, Lord Tennyson写的The Eagle : He clasps the crag with crooked hands; / Close to the sun in lovely lands, / Ringed with the azure world, he stands. / The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; / He watches from his mountain walls, / And like a thunderbolt he falls.(苍鹰兀然屹立,几与红日为邻,四周一片湛蓝的天际,然而,象晴天一声霹雳,它似箭一般从高高的山崖绝壁俯冲下波涛起伏的大海。)整篇文字既有壮观的形象又有摧人心肺的音响,是动与静的美妙结合。

 

四、用通感的修辞手法实现美学价值
通感(Synaesthesia)指的是视觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉、听觉五官感觉彼此相通。如the liquid stillness of the night(夜静如水), stillness是听觉通道中的感觉,而修饰语liquid却是视觉和触觉通道中的感觉。[3](P73)通感既是一种思维方式,又是一种有效的修辞手段,它能使人的多种感觉通道达到沟通,以综合方式感受客观事物形象,丰富主观心理感受。通感还帮助我们树立其他感觉形象,增强语句的感染力和生动性,使读者能真切体悟到作品的审美意境,例如Vachel Lindsay写的The Ghost of the Buffaloes: Last night at black midnight I woke with a cry, / The windows were shaking, there was thunder on high, / The floor was atremble, the door was ajar, / White fires, crimson fires, shone from afar. / I rushed to the dooryard. The city was gone. / My home was a hut without orchard or lawn.(夜半惊醒,漆黑一片,窗户地板俱在震动;门户半开,高处雷声隆隆,火光红白相衬,火舌吞噬,城市毁了,果园草场转眼成了一片白地。)触本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。