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语义的作用,增强语表示从假定的标准出发,在程度上逐步增强;减弱语与增强语正好相反,表示程度的逐步减弱。夸克(Quirk,etal)等人对强化语类有细致深入地解说,并指出:“强调语和强化语之间有交叉的现象(如total在total nonsense中是强调语,而在total destruction中则变成了增强语)。”[3](p141-142)本文限于篇幅,不作展开讨论,仅举如下几例:常用的强调语:

He is a true scholar. What she said is pure (= sheer) nonsense.

She plainly likes the dress. I simply don’t believe it. They will warn us for sure.

常用的增强语:

a complete victory great destruction an extreme enemy the absolute limit

They thoroughly disapprove of his methods. I must absolutely refuse to do so.

Julia entirely agrees with me. They like her very much.

常用的减弱语:

I didn’t understand it at all. This viewpoint is somewhat different from what I’ve said.

She is right to some extent.

2.非强化语类

强调语和强化语以外的强势语词类统称为非强化语类。这一类包容的词和短语很多。比如,用辅助词do (有时起功能词的作用)强调谓语动词———I did come here before nine o’clock.再举几个类似的例子:

You do your own exercises.(own用于所有格后,强调某事物的个人所有或私人性质)

Linda is taken not only as our best teacher but also as our best friend. (关联连词not only…but also暗示连接的内容出人意料之外。)

Why are you in such a hurry? (such用以加强语气)

I really don’t like that film that I saw yesterday. (指示代词that在此句中是相当于定冠词the的强化语,this也有此用法)

Even though I fail this time,I’ll try a second time. (even though充当though的强调形式)

(三)语法表现

强势语在口头语中主要通过韵律结构的调整来体现,而在书面语中则常以各种语法手段来达到这一目的,让人一目了然。强势语的语法表现形式纷繁复杂,下面讲到的只是其中比较典型的几类。

1.固定的强势语结构

英语中有一些程式化的构句模式,一旦运用,说话人很容易把握和领会语句的信息重点,而不致造成模棱两可。常见的分裂句、感叹句、修辞性疑问句、It doesn’t matter whether和no more…than等结构就属此类。(1)分裂句的强调部分在动词be和连接词that (who)之间,这一结构能强调除谓语之外的其他任何一个部分。It’s the tall man that (who) I saw yesterday in the bookstore. (强调宾语); It’s yester-day that I saw the tall man in the bookstore. (强调时间状语);It’s me that he gave the book to.(强调间接宾语)本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。