普通话语音系统对中国学生英语 [6]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-17编辑:黄丽樱点击率:11538
论文字数:5031论文编号:org200904171629317028语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:pronunciationnegative transferMandarinEnglishsound systemcommon errors发音负迁移普通话英语语音系统常见错误
rners’ pronunciation is easily influenced by their mother tongue. And this will lead to some common pronunciation errors that decrease the effectiveness in the process of oral communication. Some of these common errors made by Chinese EFL learners are listed below: (1) Errors caused by /i:/ &/ I//i:/ is a very common sound in many of the languages in the world. To pronounce the sound, the body of the tongue must be raised from its rest position and shifting it forward. And the /I/ sound is made by lowering the tongue slightly from the high-front position for /i:/. Besides, /i:/ is a much more tense sound than /I/. So these two sounds are differentiated by muscle tension in the root of the tongue.[9]For many Chinese-speaking English learners, /i/ is a problem sound. It is always difficult for them to detect their difference in length and quality. To pronounce a correct /I/, you need to lower you tongue a little bit from the position for /i:/, and make it a lax sound instead of a tense sound like /i:/. Very little difficulty should be encountered by the Chinese learners in the pronunciation of /i:/, as they can easily find its equivalent in Chinese sound system ,for example ,they usually pronounce it in the same way as the Chinese character “yŒ 异” ,which means difference in Chinese However, it is not always exactly true to pronounce it in this way ,especially when it is used to form an English word. For example, many student may shorten its pronunciation and mispronounced the English verb “eat”/i:t/as the demonstrative pronoun /It/, defying the fact that the pronunciation of /i:/ and / I/ are different in length. The same errors also occur in the other pairs of vowels, such as /A/ --/e/, /C:/--/C/, /J:/--/J/, /[:/--/E/. The long vowels are shortened or the short vowels are usually pronounced longer .So as a result, “bad” will become “bed”, “guess” become “gas”, “odd” become “awed”, “pull” become “pool”, etc.(2) Errors caused by /a:/&/Q/Many Chinese EFL learners may get confused while pronouncing these two English sounds. Frequently, the long vowel /B:/ get shortened as the Chinese phonetic system doesn’t pay much attention to the length of the sounds. For example, the word “cup” sometimes may be pronounced the same as another word “carp”/ka:p/. Consequently, the native speakers usually get puzzled about what they have heard:e.g. --Where is the carp/ka:p/? It is swimming in the river.--Where is the cup /kQp/? It is on the desk.(3) Errors caused by /f/, /v/&/w/ /f/ and /v/ are labial-dental sounds. /f/ is voiceless and /v/ is voiced. They are fricative sounds that you may produce by forcing the breath stream between the upper teeth and lower lip. [10] /f/ is not a problem sound for most of the Chinese as it can be pronounced similarly to the Chinese initial consonants( means shengmu in Chinese PinYin system) ,while /v/ may sometimes causes troubles as it only exists in some regional dialects in Chinese and is totally foreign to the Mandarin Chinese speakers. In most cases, it is easily replaced by another labial sound, such as /w/. For example, the word “vine /vain/ ”is mispronounced as “wine /wain/”. There is also a tendency to devoice the sound /v/, especially at the end of the words.(4) Errors caused by /r/&/l//r/ is a difficult sound for many Chinese speakers. The important thing about the articulation of /r/ is that the tongue is slightly curled backwards with the tip raised. The /l/ phoneme is typically pronounced with potentia
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