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oral choices,their innerrational will,and free will are in constant struggle.Moral choices are often the result ofmultiple rounds of play between free will and rational will on moral issues.In the newethical environment,Jacob’s rational will,irrational will,and free will clash.Jacobultimately not only fails to construct the ethical identity he wants but also loses thevibrant self-identity he originally possessed.This section analyzes Jacob’s ethical choicesin two ways.

Conclusion

Joyce Carol Oates is a famous contemporary American woman writer,twicenominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and winner of various literary awards,whosenumerous and excellent works have traditionally been a hot spot for researchers to study.Her works are known for exposing the violence in American society,covering all areasand classes of society,and presenting us with a panoramic view of contemporaryAmerican society.Jewish immigrants have undergone a long process of dispersion sinceancient times,religious persecution,and Hitler’s Nazi policies,which lead to a traumaticimpact on Jewish immigrants,and with the knowledge that Oates is a quarter Jewish laterin life.Therefore,Oates turns her creative field to Jewish themes.In her works,Oates notonly presents the spiritual crisis and survival plight of Jewish immigrants in America butalso criticizes and satirizes the dark society of America from a humanitarian perspective.

Oates creates The Gravedigger’s Daughter as a razor-sharp blade that exposes themask of hypocrisy in American society,the oppression of religion,racial discrimination,and patriarchy,the loss of basic human rights,and the continued existence of socialinequality.This thesis uses Ethical Literary Criticism to analyze the characters’ethicaldilemmas.To escape Nazi persecution,The Schwart family crosses the ocean to theUnited States.However,due to the complex ethical dilemma,the Schwart family isdiscriminated against and humiliated by the Americans.The change of ethical identitydirectly leads to the deterioration of the relationship between husband and wife and theestrangement of a parent-child relationship.When confronted with ethical choices,Jacob,with his irrational will prevailing,fails to integrate into mainstream American society andis eventually relegated to the margins of society.Under the oppression of patriarchy andthe complex ethical environment,the timid and cowardly Anna eventually leads herselfto be shot by Jacob.

reference(omitted)

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