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thattheir ethical status imposes.The calamity changes not only the marital relationshipbetween Jacob and Anna but also the relationship between parents and children.Thissection presents three aspects of Jacob’s estrangement from the children.

Foremost,fathers’alienation from their children is reflected in the acquisition of anew language.After coming to America,Jacob and Anna change completely.Jacobbecomes a lowly gravedigger when Anna becomes the wife of a gravedigger.Racialpersecution and manual labor exert unbearable pressure on Jacob,leaving an indelible scar on his heart.His temper grows violent and he often humiliates and abuses his twosons.As Jacob and Anna’s first child,Herschel goes through two experiences.ThroughHerschel’s description of his parents,the family has a decent life in Germany.Jacob hugsand kisses him often,and the happiness of the past is endless,much to the surprise ofother children who are young or unborn at the time.Herschel is growing into a roughmean-mouth boy and his words are just“like bats”,and he is often upset or angry.On theway out,it leaves a deep shadow on him.Herschel is on a dilapidated and dirty ship,andhe witnesses the miserable conditions on board.“There was lots of people died an’dumped over the side of the boat like garbage for the sharks to eat,you were alwaysscared you would die”(Oates 73).This description shows the horror of this Jewishextermination and the difficulty of surviving the environment.

Chapter Three Difficult Ethical Choices.......................45

3.1 Passive Ethical Choices..........................45

3.1.1 Ethical Choice of Disillusionment..........................46

3.1.2 Ethical Choice of Obedience..........................49

Conclusion........................65

Chapter Three Difficult Ethical Choices

3.1 Passive Ethical Choices

“A person can be called a rational person only after following the most basic ethicalrules”(Nie 18).A person with a rational ethical consciousness is better able to make theright ethical choices.The ethical choices made by the Jacobs family are important indetermining whether they are better integrated into American society.This sectionanalyzes the ethical choices of Jacob,Anna,and their sons in three ways.First,the ethicalchoice made by Jacob is analyzed.Not only does he fail to fulfill the responsibilitiesassigned to him by his moral identity,but he is controlled by his irrational will andeventually takes the path of suicide.Next,the ethical choices made by Anna are analyzed.Anna is in an irrational state,fails to fulfill the responsibilities assigned to her by her ethical identity,and eventually becomes a marginalized person in American society andis killed by her husband.Finally,their son,unable to bear domestic violence and socialdiscrimination,chooses to run away from home under his irrational will.

3.1.1 Ethical Choice of Disillusionment

“Rational will is the core and outward expression of the human factor.Irrational willbe mainly the irrational drive of all feelings and behaviors.Irrational will that is notgoverned by reason often manifests itself as passion and impulsiveness”(Nie 278).Whenthe characters in the novel face moral conflicts and turn to m本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。