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nile dementia.The sister,too young to remember herchildhood,lives in a sense of loss throughout her life and keeps seeking her root.After being separated for 58 years,Pari finds her dementia-suffered brother with theassistance of Nabi’s letter,Markos and her niece little Pari.

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Studies Abroad

During the past eight years,foreign scholars have analyzed this work over itsthemes of Afghan culture,alienation,love as well as from the perspectives offeminism,new criticism and narratology.

In regards to the themes of this book,Afghan culture is the main concern whilealienation and love are also studied.Ajoy Batta and Hanifa Omar focus on thehegemony bred by Afghan culture,including the rich over the poor,men over womenand monotheism.They point out Afghanistan,as a tribal community,valuessuperiority as they value their own reputation.Ahmad Wahyudi compares And theMountains Echoed with Malaysian translation,analyzing cultural untranslability insource text.Based on Benny Hoed’s theory about translation method,the authorconcludes that there are nine material cultures,six social cultures,two socialorganizations,and two ecologies in the process of translation.Rim Souissi analysesAfghan culture and history(especially on wars and terrorism)reflected in Hosseini’sthree novels,and he believes that the reason for Hosseini’s popularity is the commonexperiences among diverse countries and cultures.Raj Khanal Keshav explorespeople’s nationality and identity from different countries in this novel.He finds thatthe second-generation Afghan migrants,bearing the brunt of multicultural situation,doubt their identity and pursue their cultural identity throughout their life.Vinothkumar and M.V.Sivakumar in their writing analyzes the inevitable culturalconflicts occurring during migration.From the personal experience of Khaled Hosseini,the two scholars conclude that with the change of surroundings and life styles,migrants suffer from the cultural displacement,fragmentation and alienation.As theypoint out,“The red thread of cultural collision is running as Hosseini gives aconfrontation between native culture of Kabul and the alien culture of France andAmerica”(339).

2.2 Studies at Home

At home,scholars’focus on Hosseini and his books has been increasing since2007.Perspectives focus on writing techniques reflected in this book,mainlyincluding trauma analysis,ethnical literary criticism as well as the analysis of theotherness.

From the perspective of trauma theory,Zhang Yimei and Zhao Nannan studythe deep influence of separation in childhood to Abdullah and Pari.They prove thatthe sorrow and trauma cannot be surmounted throughout Abdullah’s life.Theybelieve that Abdullah“suppresses the memory about Pari,and turns the name intoan unspeakable anxiety”(57).Although Pari forgets the separation,she always suffersfrom a sense of loss and self-doubt.Yan Na dissects the personal trauma of fourwomen in this book:Nila experiences the death of her mother,misunderstanding ofher father,indifference of her husband and betrayal of her daughter;Pari suffers fromthe loss of emotion;Roth witnesses massacre to her family;Thalia is terribly bit by step-father’s dog.The author analyzes the process from the beginning of trauma tothe recovery.Li Ting analyzes trauma passed on from Abdullah to his Pari.She findsthat Abdullah’s repeatedly talking about his 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。