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/> In this chapter, the author aims to review former studies of metaphor, metaphors in  poems  and  comparative  studies  between  Chinese  and  English  poems.  Since  there are  plenty  of  studies  of  metaphor,  the  author  uses  “metaphor”  and  “poems”  as keywords  searching  for  the  China National Knowledge Infrastructure  (CNKI)  to  find out  related  journals  or  dissertations  in recent  5  years.  There  are  4321  results.  Taking the first 200 pieces results the author pick up 125 effective results which are studies of metaphors  in  poems.  Categorizing  these  studies,  the  author  finds  that  there  are  74 studies of Chinese poems, 33 of English poems and 18 comparative studies. In these 125  studies,  most  of  them  take  the  perspectives  of  translation  and  aesthetics,  among which  some  are  related  to  culture  or  intercultural  communication.  Moreover,  few approach  the  study  from  cognitive  angle.  This  result  shows  that  although  lots  of scholars  study  metaphor  in  poems,  the  studies  of  the  relation  between  English  and Chinese  poems  are  not  sufficient.  Meanwhile,  many  of  the  existing  studies  are  for translation  purpose  and  still  on  aesthetic  level,  namely  regarding  metaphor  as  a rhetorical device. Therefore, studies of metaphors in poems from cognitive angle are insufficient,  and  researchers  need  to  study  cognitive  factors  behind  the  metaphor further. 

2.1   Studies of Metaphor 
Metaphor, which is considered as a fundamental device of the poetic imagination and  rhetorical  flourish,  is  a  matter  of  extraordinary  rather  than  ordinary  language. Studies of metaphor in each stage have their own features and contributions. Here are the studies of metaphor in both English and Chinese. Studies  of  metaphors  in  the  western  country  have  a  long  history  and  it  has experienced    three  stages:  1)  the  stage  of  rhetorical  view;  2)  the  stage  of transitional period; 3)the stage of cognitive view.Aristotle first comes up with the concept of metaphor in ancient Greek times. In  his  work  Poetics,  he  raises  the  rhetorical  function  of  language  and  states  his comprehension  of  metaphor.  He  defines  metaphor  as:  the  application  of  an  alien name  by  transference  either  from  genus  to  species,  or  from  species  to  genus,  or from  species  to  spec本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。