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Strategy
Since the listening comprehension is influenced by not only the linguisticproficiency but also many other factors, like the strategies the listener employs in theprocess of listening, the latter of which is comparatively more operable, researcherscome to pay more and more attention to listening strategies in order to find aneffective way to improve students’ listening ability. Therefore, this section will, firstof all, review the previous studies about the definition of listening strategies and itsclassification. Although there is not a long history for the study of listening strategies which aregreatly influenced by the study of learning strategies, many definitions about listeningstrategies have been offered by researchers from different perspectives.Stern (1999) and (McDonough, 1995) hold that the learning strategy refers to thegeneral trend of the approaches used by language learners rather than those specificlearning skills. (Stern, 1999) According to this, the listening strategy can be theoverall character of those approaches employed by the listener focusing on themacro-level of the strategy using. On the contrary, Oxford (1990) supposes thatlearning strategies should be the actual actions and behaviors learners use to help toget a better, happier and more successful learning effect. Based on Oxford’s opinion,listening strategies should be the specific listening skills used by the listener liketaking notes, referring to the relevant materials for help or asking help from others.However, there are also some scholars like Weinstein & Mayer (1986) who regard theprocess of learning as information decoding and encoding process and think thatlearning strategies including both the behaviors and thoughts will have an influenceon the process. According to their opinions, listening strategies should involve bothconcrete behavior and abstract thoughts.
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2.2 Listening Strategy Training
At present, there is not a widely accepted model for listening strategy trainingand learning strategy training has a great influence on it. It should also be mentionedthat the listening strategy training needs not only an overall procedure for the wholeguidance of the training but also detailed training steps. Therefore, in this section, theauthor here will talk about the listening strategy training at the macro-level andmicro-level based on previous studies. The study of listening strategy training at the macro-level includes things like theclassification, the form, duration of the strategy training. In the macro-level,according to the degree of the trainee’s activity in the process of the listening strategytraining, the listening strategy can be divided into blind training in which the traineejust needs to do follow the strategy given to them without knowing why they chooseand use it, and informed strategy training in which trainees know clearly the reasonand control strategy training which endows the trainee with an opportunity to compareand evaluate different strategies. (Wen Qiufang, 1996 & Lv Changhong, 2001) .
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Chapter Three Methodology ....23
3.1 Research Questions.....23
3.2 Research Design..........23
3.2.1 Participants........24
3.2.2 Instruments........26
3.2.3 Procedures.........29
3.3 Data Collection ..........30
Chapter Four Results and Discussions..........32
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