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ated in his book Advanced English writing • a coursebook that writing is embodied with communicative, interactive, persuasive charactersand should be appropriate to the context where the writing occurs. Writing is notmerely the simple expression of information, but a complex thinking process in whichwriters explore thoughts and ideas and present them in visible words. Thus, to dig outthe nature of writing seems to be the most vital and the most difficult task comparingwith other language skills, such as reading, speaking and listening. Writing is acomplex expression of writer’s thought and intention which are determined by theparticular context, diverse cognition and distinguished background. The definition ofwriting proposed by Gould, Dianne and Smith (1989) is summarized that writing is acreative act for the reason that writers need go through the process of comprehendingat first, organizing in between and producing at last, writing is a way of finding outwhat people’s interior ideas and intentions really are, and writing is a form of socialdialogue owing to the fact that the writing acts as a way for writers to speak literallyto the imagined or evoked audience. Therefore, the scientific study about writingappears essential, urgent and practical.
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2.2 Theoretical Foundation: Language Transfer
The original beginning of language transfer could date back to the Odyssey, anancient Greek book, in which language contact, bilingual and language transfer werementioned firstly according to the restatement of Jarvis & Pavlenko (2008). After theten-year-long journey, Odyssey came back from the Troy war, and retold his wifePenelope the plot that Crete spoke with mixed languages. From then on, languagetransfer appeared frequently in various fields, such as personal letters, laws, documents, religious papers and literature. Until the beginning of the 21stcenturypeople still hold the view that language transfer only possess the negative effect onlanguage learning. Scholars including Charles Fries (1945), Uriel Weinreich (1953),Robert Lado (1957) did not begin to dig into language transfer from scientific aspectsuntil 1940s. They regarded language transfer as a sort of atmosphere concerning withlanguage, psychological language and social language, and the inescapable characterfor language learners in the process of acquiring the target language. Most of theauthentic studies about language transfer were conducted in late in 1950s. The periodfrom 1950s to the present is divided into 3 parts in terms of different school’s viewson language transfer, which are normally generated as the behaviorist views, thementalist views and the cognitive views.
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Chapter 3 The Study.......34
3.1 Research Questions.......34
3.2 Research Subjects......34
3.3 Instruments....35
3.3.1 Chinese Writing Tests.......36
3.3.2 English Writing Tests.......36
3.4 Data Collection and Analysis....37
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion......40
4.1 Quantitative Results ......40
4.2 Discussion.....47
Chapter 5 Conclusion.....60
5.1 Major Findings......60
5.2 Pedagogical Implications of the Study......61
5.3 Limitations of the Study .......62
5.4 Suggestions for Further Study.......62

Chapter4 Results and Discussion

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