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What’s  more,  there  are  some  distinctions  between  adaptation/adjustment  and adaptability. Adaptation is a state of balance between the individual and the environment. However,  adaptability  is  the  ability  to  keep  balance  between  the  individual  and  the changing  environment.  Martin  et  al.  (2013)  defined  adaptability  as  the  appropriate adaptation of cognition, behavior and emotion while facing uncertainty and novelty. 

On  this  basis,   Martin,  Nejad  and  their  colleagues  (2015)  developed  the  tripartite model of adaptability, which means the positive adjustment in cognition, action and affect in the responses of environment that consists of change, uncertainty and novelty. 

2.2 Researches on English Academic adaptability at Home and Abroad

Scholars  at  home  and  abroad  have  studied  the  topic  of  academic  adaptability.  By combing  the  previous  literature,  this  section  sorts  out  the  researches  on  academic adaptability. Foreign scholars study academic adaptability  earlier than Chinese scholars, and their research paves the way for China’s researches. 

2.2.1 Previous Researches Abroad

Foreign  researches  on  academic  adaptability  mostly  can  be  divided  into  four categories: (1)  scale;  (2)  scale  verification;  (3)  correlation  research;  (4)  experimental research. 

(1) Scale

Baker and Siryk (1984) sorted out the literature on adaptation to college, and divided them  into  four  dimensions:  academic  adaptation,  social  adaptation,  personal  emotional adaptation and general adaptation. According to the dimensions, The Student Adaptation to  College  Questionnaire  (SACQ)  was  designed.  This  questionnaire  has  been  used  by many  researchers.  Midgley  et  al.  developed  The  Patterns  of  Adaptive  Learning  Scales (PALS)  in  2011.  Anderson,  Guan  and  Colmar  (2016)  developed  the  Academic Adjustment  Scale  (AAS)  for  students  who  have  temporarily  moved  to  a  new  culture  in order to receive higher education.

(2) Scale Verification

After Baker and Siryk developed The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ), Baker  and Siryk (1986), Ronald et al. (2011) and Martin et  al. (2013) verified the scale. Baker and Siryk (1986) described the method of life intervention for freshmen based on the scale. Ronald et al. (2011) verified the validity of the scale, and showed that there  were  differences  in  the  adaptability  of  Freshmen  in  six  aspects  (emotional,  social, college,  institutiona本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。