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ewmark (1988) argues that direct translation is the first step in translation. A good translator gives up direct translation only when it is obviously distorted or when the text with its evocative and informative function is too badly written, while a bad translator often makes every effort to avoid direct translation. Catford (1965) argues that semantic translation can fully reproduce the meaning of the original word. Chen (1994) says semantic translation aims to produce a translation that accurately conveys the meaning of the source text in the target language. Newmark believed that semantic translation required not only a deep understanding of the source text but also an understanding of the culture and context in which it was produced. He argued that the translator must not only be proficient in both the source and target languages, but must also know the cultural, social, and historical context in which the text was written. Newmark’s approach to semantic translation emphasizes the importance of preserving the original meaning and intent of the source text, while also making adjustments for differences in culture, language, and context. He believed that the translator must use a range of translation techniques and strategies to achieve this goal, including literal translation, cultural substitution, and paraphrasing. Overall, Newmark's theory of semantic translation stresses the importance of producing a translation that is accurate, natural-sounding, and culturally appropriate, while also remaining faithful to the original meaning and intent of the source text. Semantic translation requires the translation to be faithful to the original work and emphasizes the content of the message. 

Chapter 3 Description of Translation Process ................................ 9

3.1 Pre-translation Preparations ...................................... 9

3.2 While-translation Stage .............................. 9

3.3 Post-translation Proofreading ...................... 10

Chapter 4 Case Analysis .................................. 11

4.1 Translation at the Lexical Level .................... 11

4.1.1 Literal Translation ............................. 11

4.1.2 Transliteration ............................... 12

Chapter 5 Conclusion ................................ 23

5.1 Major Findings ....................................... 23

5.2 Implications of the Translation Task .......................... 24

5.3 Limitations and Suggestions on Future Research ............................ 25

Chapter 4 Case Analysis

4.1 Translation at The Lexical Level

There are several examples showing the translation at the lexical level which have the application of literal translation, transliteration and conversion of part of speech. Semantic translation method is used in example 1, example 2, example 4 and example 5, while communicative translation method is manifested in example 3, example 6 and example 7. It is worth noting that literal translation is not only applicable to semantic translation method, but also to communicative translation method.

4.1.1 Literal Translation

Literal translation refers to the process of本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。