英语论文网

s exhibit distinct language styles and serve different language functions. Drawing from the research conducted by language philosophers Buehler and Jacobson regarding the purpose of language, Peter Newmark classifies text language functions into six categories: Expressive Function, Phatic Function, Informative Function, Vocative Function, Aesthetic Function, and Metalingual Function. Notably, expressive Function, informative Function, and vocative Function hold significant importance in language, corresponding to expressive texts, informative texts, and vocative texts, respectively. 

To begin with, the expressive function primarily focuses on the thoughts and emotions of the speaker or author. At its core, this function allows the speaker or author to convey their personal sentiments without considering the reader’s response. Secondly, the informational function of language centers around the external context, encompassing all the details and facts pertaining to a particular subject or the reality beyond language itself. Informational texts, which prioritize “authenticity”, are often composed in impersonal, contemporary languages, where the author remains “anonymous.” Baker (2011) highlights the role of culture, politics, and power relations in shaping the translator’s choices and decisions. Thus, there exist many issues needing careful consideration in translating informative texts. Thirdly, a vocative text revolves around the readers or addressees, aiming to prompt them to act, think, feel, or react according to the author’s intentions. Fourthly, the aesthetic function of language evokes aesthetic emotions. Sound and metaphor serve as pivotal tools in such texts, while rhythm, balance, and contrast within sentences, clauses, and words also contribute to their impact. Fifthly, the phatic function refers to the social language employed to maintain a friendly connection with the addressee rather than to convey information. Some social expressions may differ across cultures and necessitate translation using appropriate equivalents. Lastly, the metalinguistic function entails using language to explain, signify, and criticize its own features.

2.2 Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation

Further on this matter, text typology theory provides a framework for understanding the structure and function of different types of texts. When applied to translation, it helps translators employ appropriate strategies and techniques to accurately convey the meaning and achieve the desired communicative effect in the target language, as emphasized in semantic translation and communicative translation approaches. The author selects Newmark’s method of communicative translation and semantic translation as the guidance for this translation practice. 

Peter Newmark was a British linguist and translation theorist who developed semantic translation and communicative translation in the 1980s. In Approaches to Translation, Newmark (2001) states that Communicative translation means that the effect of the translated language on the reader of the translated language is as much as possible equivalent to the effect of the source language on the reader of the source language. Semantic translation, on the other hand, refers to reproducing the meaning of the source language as accurately as the semantics and syntactic structure of the translation allow. Regarding direct translation and paraphrasing, N本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。