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Gofuried Wilhelm Leibniz,a German philosopher of the Enlightenment period,met agroup of Jesuits who returned from a missionary trip to China in Rome between 1687 and 1690,and received from them Chinese Confucian scriptures,from which he devoted himselfto the study of Chinese philosophy.In 1697,he wrote Nouissima Sinica,a book thatcomprehensively introduced Chinese philosophy and culture to European countries,andhighly praised the greatness of Chinese culture:“We did not believe that there was a peoplein the world with a more perfect ethic and a more progressive way of being in the worldthan ours,but now from China in the East we have been awakened.China has awakened us.”

Chapter Three Double-voiced Presentation of The Orphan of Zhao as Intercultural Dialogue ......................... 39

3.1 The Orphan of Zhao as a Modern Cultural Exchange Event ........... 39

3.1.1 The Orphan of Zhao as a Political Diplomatic Event ................ 39

3.1.2 The Chinese and Greek Elements in the Bilingual Version ....... 43

Chapter Four Polyphonic Staging of The Orphan of Zhao as Cultural Negotiation ....................... 51

4.1 The Orphan of Zhao on Modern British Stage ................................ 52

4.1.1 The Orphan of Zhao as an Intercultural Event ........................... 52

4.1.2 Fenton’s Adaptation of The Orphan of Zhao ............................. 54

Chapter Five Conclusion ....................... 75

Chapter Four Polyphonic Staging of The Orphan of Zhaoas Cultural Negotiation

4.1 The Orphan of Zhao on Modern British Stage

4.1.1 The Orphan of Zhao as an Intercultural Event

The English adaptation by James Fenton,which was composed in 2012 for the RoyalShakespeare Company(RSC)and staged at the Swan Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon fromNovember 2012 to March 2013,could be regarded as one of the most noteworthyadaptations of the 21st century.

In 2011,James Fenton was commissioned by Gregory Doran,the newly appointedcreative director of the Royal Shakespeare Company,to adapt The Orphan of Zhao.Thisplay had already been designated as a part of the RSC’s A World Elsewhere trilogy,to bestaged in conjunction with Brecht’s Life of Galileo and Pushkin’s Boris Godunov.Fentonrecognized two important factors in this assignment:first,the deadline was fast approaching,and second,the production was guaranteed.With this in mind,he embarked on the task ofwriting the adaptation.

At a conference held in University of Leeds on March 27th,2013,Gregory Doranexplained his motivation for adapting the play.As part of their“A World Elsewhere”programme,RSC aimed to stage foreign classics and The Orphan of Zhao,as one of China’s most renowned plays with a revenge motif similar to Hamlet,was chosen.Although thischoice did not seem politically implicated,it was artistically and commercially oriented.Infact,The Orphan of Zhao has often been compared to the well-known Western tragedy,Hamlet,and the Royal Shakespeare Company’s request for an adaptation of this Eastern talegave James Fenton the opportunity to demonstrate his skills.Like Hamlet,The Orphan ofZhao is a tragedy centered around“re本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。