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Chapter I . Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study
Hyponymy involves sense relation between the “class” and the "class members", which has a closer relationship with semanticfield. The origin of the "field theory" of semantics is the "lexical field theory"introduced by the famous German linguist, J. Trier in the middle of the 19^^ century, although according to John Lyons it has historical roots in the ideas of Wilhelm vonHumboldt and Johann Gottfried Herder.  In the 1960s Stephen Ullmarm saw semantic fields as perpetuating the values of society. For John Lyons in the 1970s words related in any sense belonged to the same semantic field, and the semantic field was simply a lexical category, which he described as a "lexical field". Lyonsemphasized the distinction between semantic fields and semantic networks. In the1980s Eva Kittay developed a semantic field theory of metaphor. This approach isbased on the idea that the items in a semantic field have specific relations to otheritems in the same field, and that a metaphor works by re-ordering the relations of afield by mapping them on to the existing relations of another field. Sue Atkins andCharles J. Fillmore in the 1990s proposed frame semantics as an alternative tosemantic field theory. The typical semantic field is distributed as a tree diagram that isthe same with hyponymy. Thus, the relationship between words at all levels withdifferent class of a semantic field is, actually, a kind of hyponymy. And words in thesame class membership are the co-hyponyms of the same superordinate. Zhang Zhiyiand Zhang Qingyun (2001) hold the view that the core of semantic field theory lies in the relations among hyponyms governed by the superordinate or class membersgoverned by the class. Therefore, a pair of hyponymy can be regarded as a “microsemantic field，，or a "semantic field unit".

1.1研究背景
上下义关系涉及到“类”和“类成员”，它有更密切的关系语义场感之间的关系。语义的“场论”的起源是“词汇由德国著名语言学家，学者特里尔在中间的19^世纪场论”的出台，虽然根据约翰·莱昂斯有历史根源的想法威廉·冯·洪堡和约翰戈特弗里德赫尔德。在20世纪60年代斯蒂芬Ullmarm看到语义场延续社会的价值观。对于约翰·莱昂斯在20世纪70年代的话在任何意义上属于同一语义场，只是一个词汇的范畴，这是他描述为“词法场”的语义场。

In addition, hyponymy has a close relationship with prototype theory and -basic-level categories. The term “prototype，’ has been defined in Eleanor Rosch'sstudy Natural Categories (1973) and was first defined as “a stimulus, which takes asalient position in the formation of a category as it is the first stimulus to beassociated with that category" (Rosch, 1973). Later, she redefined it as the mostcentral member of a category. As formulated in the 1970s by Eleanor Rosch andothers, prototype theory was a radical departure from traditional necessary andsufficient conditions as in Aristotelian logic，which led to set-theoretic approaches ofextensional or intensional semantics. Basic Level Categories, which is closely relatedto prototype theory, is another notion of cognitive categorization. “Categorization isthe process of classifying our experiences into different categories based oncommonalities and differences" (Hu Zhuanglin, 2006: 145). There are three levels incategories: the basic level, the superordinate level and the subordinate level.Obviously, the differentiation from basic-level categories, superordinates andsubordinates is closely related to hyponymy as it is the categorization reflected orembodied in the sense relation of hyponymy. Thus, it can b本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。