英语论文网

Marry sat there and she was motionless.=Marry sat motionless there.

这样两个深层结构的分句要合并成一个表层结构的句子必须具备三个条件:1、前一分句的主动词属于上述动词;2、后一分句的谓语动词是连系动词be的某种形式;3、后一分句的主语是代词而且指代的是前一分句的主语。合并时后一分句的主语和be动词被一同省去。

值得注意的是还有些动词与其后面的形容词是密不可分的,通常被当作固定搭配,常见的有:blush crimson/red/ scarlet(羞得脸通红)　break free /loose(挣脱,迸发)　burn low(快要烧完)　cut loose(摆脱,逃脱)　freeze solid(冻硬)　loom large(显得突出或严重)　marry young(早婚)　plead guilty/not guilty(认罪/否认有罪)　ring true(听起来似乎是真的)　ring false(听起来不真实,听声音象假货)　ring hollow(听起来不真诚)　set hard(变硬)　wear thin(磨薄)

三、及物动词的被动语态后面跟形容词作主语补足语的结构

有些及物动词虽然后面有了宾语,但是句子的意义仍然不完整,这时宾语之后的形容词可以补足其意义。这种结构转换成被动结构时,原来的宾语变为主语,原来作宾语补足语的形容词随之变为主语补足语,而且紧跟在及物动词之后。按照动词的意义可以将这种结构分为四类:

1、  drive,force,make,pull,squeeze等表示“使…成…”“让…”意义的动词的被动语态后面跟形容词补充说明动词所表示的动作给主语造成的结果:

The door was forced open by the policemen to get in.

The poor old lady was driven mad by the news that her son died in the battle.

2、imagine,picture,prefer,want,wish等表示“想要”“设想”意义的动词的被动语态后面跟形容词补充说明设想的结果:

He was wished successful by us, and successful he is now.

He was not even imagined able to accomplish the task in such a short time.

3、have,hold,keep,leave等表示“保持”意义的动词的被动语态后面跟形容词补充说明主语所保持的状态:

The pupils are told that their classroom should be kept clean all the time.

The teacher wanted to know why the door was left open.

4、consider,declare,find,pronounce,think等表示“认为”“称为”等意义的动词的被动语态后面跟形容词补充说明主语的性质、属性等:

It was considered important to make the principles clear.

He was declared innocent and set free by the jury.

需要指出的是及物动词带直接宾语和间接宾语后跟形容词一般是作间接宾语的修饰语,例如:“She gave us our coffee black.”一句中的“black”修饰“coffee”表明她给我们的咖啡是黑咖啡(black coffee)。

综上所述,动词后面跟形容词的结构涉及英语基本句型中的SVC、SVOC,对于深化理解和正确应用这两个基本句型有积极的指导意义,值得探讨和研究。

参考文献:

[1]蔡光天.当代实用英语精华[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,1999.

[2]亚历山大.朗文英语用法[M].https://www.51lunwen.org/englishpaper.html上海:外语教学与研究出版社,1996.