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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2015-06-07编辑:felicia点击率:22566
论文字数:11441论文编号:org201506042334077709语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
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摘要:这是一篇留学论文范文,主要从慈善捐款看消费者的动机和消费行为,分析消费者对企业发展的影响。
4.3.Sampling Design
The sample frame for the research will be all consumers based in the UK who donate to charity, which essentially is a large target group, with 73% of the population having given to a charity last year according to the Charities Aid Foundation (2010). However, the sample size does not have to be too large to be representative of the sample group, since any sample over 1000 respondents does not decrease sampling error and accuracy by great amounts to be significant according to Burns and Bush (2006). The sample size for the survey will be determined by the standard sample size formula, namely:
n=z2(pq)e2
Where n is the sample size determined by the standard error and level of confidence (z), the estimated percent in the population (p), the remainder of the population (q) and the acceptable sample error in the research (e). Since variability of answers in the survey could be high, we could assume p and q to be 50% each, assuming maximum variance in responses. The standard error adopted by researchers is typically at 1.96, which relates to a 95% confidence level. The sample error for the research conducted will be set at 7% in order to ensure valid and reliable results that are true to the population, but to provide a sample number that is realistic and achievable given the time and financial limitations. Therefore the sample size is as follows:
n=1.962(50×50)72 , n=196
The sample size is large enough to combat the issues of systematic variance, in which “the variation in measures due to some known or unknown influences that cause the scores to lean in one direction more than another” (Kerlinger, 1986, as cited in Cooper & Schindler, 2008, p. 377). However it must be noted that systematic variance will be present even in a large sample if there is bias in the sources of the drawn sample participants, therefore when participants are being sourced through social network sites care must be taken to gain a representative sample of the UK population. In other words, it is obvious that one cannot simply invite all of their friends to participate since it could lead to shared demographical but perhaps also behavioural characteristics. This is why it is important to ensure that the survey invitations spread to a large variety of peoples. What is evident is that due to financial and time limitations, the sampling method is very much akin to the method of ‘convenience sampling', which although is not normally as precise as systematic sampling, it provides 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。