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appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if（后

三个动词也作infml，esp，in AmE，其中用来like代替as if）。

(11)a.It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.

b.It seems that we can’t get our money back.

(12)a.The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.

b.The baby appears not to be awake.

例12也说明否定词提升规则也适用于不定式从句。

当然并非所有非事实谓词都有否定词提升转换规则。

(13)a.I didn’t assume that he came(Quick etal.,

1993:346)

b.I assume that he didn’t come(同上)

这两个句子在句法和语法都是正确，但意义完全不

同。因此，不能把(12a)看成是由(12b)派生而得的。

另外所有事实谓词都没有否定词提升转换规则。

(14)a.*I don’t regret that he can help doingwww.51lunwen.org things

like that(Kiparsky et al,1979:347)

b.I regret he can’t help doing things like that.(同上)

“regret”是事实谓词，宾语从句表达是事实也是整

个句子先设。值得注意的是，否定的转移是一种含糊的现象。对于否定词位置不同的两个句子，意思是否相同，或者在大多程度上相同的问题，各人的直觉可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情况下，原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移：

1．I think是插入句，可看作与其他部分无关：

(15)I wish you were here.Then I think I should not feel like this.

2．母句中添加情态动词can’t,mustn’t,wouldn’t时：

(16)I can’t believe that they are married.

(17)You mustn’t think he’s stupid.

(18)I wouldn’t have imagined that Sandra would be

here.

3．由于cannot help doing,ought not,need not,not at

all等短语的关系而把I think隔离。

(19)I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past.

(20)I think you ought not to walk at night alone,Mrs.

Moore.

(21)I think you need not be impolite to her,as well as

to her son.

(22)“I think the angel are not at all in heaven.”Mr.

Esmond said

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