反语的幽默属性和语用功能 [8]
论文作者:谢露论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-06编辑:黄丽樱点击率:9871
论文字数:6278论文编号:org200904061038367769语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:verbal ironypragmatic functionhumorEnglish and Chinese ironies反语语用功能幽默英汉反语
term, or vice versa. It is an indirect utterance that can avoid making comments in direct way. It has nothing to do with sarcasm. For instance:
凤姐道:“我那里管得这些事来? 见识又浅,口角又笨,心肠又直率,人家给个棒槌我就认作针,脸皮又软,搁不住人家两句好话,心里就慈悲了。……”
(“I’m incapabable of running things,” she signed. “I’m too ignorant, blunt and tactless, always getting hold of the wrong end of the stick. And I’m so soft-hearted, anyone can get round me….”)[35]
Apparently, Wang Xi-feng downgraded herself as “ignorant, blunt and tactless”. However, her personality is well known as talent, quick-tongued and wise. It can be considered that irony is used to be modest in this situation.
(ii) Irony for satire
Satire plays a role of frequent feature of irony. It seems like a spoiled child to some literature writers. For example:
(1)几个“慈祥”的老板到菜场去收集一些菜叶,用盐一浸,这就是他们难得的佳肴。
(Some kind-hearted bosses go to the market and pick up some vegetable leaves, coming back and dipping them into salt water, then a god-given cate is ready for them (the women workers)) [36]
(2) 湘云笑道:“‘主雅客来勤’,自然你有些警动他的好处,他才要会你。”宝玉道:“罢,罢!我也不称雅,我乃俗中又俗的一个俗人,并不愿同这些人来往。”
(“ ‘When the host is cultured, guests frequent his house’,” quoted Hsiang-yun. “He likes seeing you, surely, because he can learn something from you.”
“Don’t call me cultured,” begged Pao-yu. “I’m the most vulgar of the vulgar herd, and I’ve no desire at all to mix with such people.”) [37]
In example (1), the author lent “kind-hearted” to ridicule the bosses who treated the women workers niggardly. In example (2), Pao-yu laughed at himself as “the most vulgar of the vulgar herd”, ironically.
(iii) Irony for fun
Irony for fun refers to the one that may create a relaxed atmosphere. For example:
这个“四十条”去年以来不吃香了,现在又“复辟”了。
(These forty articles went out of vogue last year but are now staging a “come back”.) [38]
Literally, “come back” is an expression of censure. But here it stands for a new starting of the forty articles. By using this word, the speech run smoothly under the light air.
(iv) Irony for affection
Irony is sometimes used to express strong affection. To make advances to others, people can use irony as a support. For example:
几个女人有点失望, 也有些伤心,各人在心里骂着自己的狠心贼。
(Disappointed and rather upset, each woman was secretly laying the blame on her heartless brute of a husband.) [39]
Seemingly, these women were blaming their husbands. Actually, that is not the case. They loved their husbands so much that irony was used to manifest their real affection indirectly by the author.
(v) Irony for emphasis
Irony can be approved in the following example that it can emphasize the opposite meaning.
Example:
我于是日日盼望新年,新年到,闰土也就到了。好容易到了年末,有一日,母亲告诉我,闰土来了,我便飞跑的去看。
(I looked forward every day to New Year, for New Year would bring Runtu. At last the end of the year came, and one day Mother told me that Runtu had come, and I flew to see him.)[40]
Here “好容易” can be easily understood as its real meaning “好不容易”.People can catch its meaning as this is an common expression in Chinese, say, “好不高兴”means “好高兴”,and so on.
6.3 The comparison between English irony and Chinese irony
There are both similarities and differences between English irony and Chinese irony. The similarities lie in some aspects. They are both used for satirizing, amusing and producing humor. It seems
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