从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值 [5]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-04编辑:黄丽樱点击率:10949
论文字数:5170论文编号:org200904040917336365语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Tragedyfemale valueself-awarenessexistencepatriarchy悲剧性女性价值自我意识存在父权
ted different so they had to act different.” (William, 1989, 64).
This “search for difference” belies the military’s fundamental unwillingness to accept women into its ranks. Not one of these studies has found that women as a group are either in capable or “substandard” compared to men as a group. Yet the discrimination policies remain. The discrimination in work also reflects in women’s salaries. Most women in the world are working in lower jobs, such as a maidservant, a nurse and so on, which are called “pink slum”. They work for longer time than men but have lower salaries. In most parts of the world, the salaries of career women are 30%-40% lower than that of career men on average. The rate of women’s employment is only 34.5% in the world. That means it is likely for women to suffer discrimination and be caught in poverty in anytime because of no independence income.
2. Gender Discrimination in Living
Here is a chat for Asian families’ attitude to females. The discrimination in their living conditions is embodied in their high death rate when they are born.
Countries or regions The actual percentage Expect percentage
★ Women’s figures(million) The percentage of women missing Missing women
China 1:0.66 1:010 548.7 5.3 29.1
India 1:0.77 1:020 406.3 5.6 22.8
Pakistan 1:1.05 1:025 40.0 7.8 3.1
Egypt 1:0.47 1:020 23.5 2.6 0.6
★Based on the born rate and death rate in a stable population level.
Source: Ansley J Coale: Too many deaths in women and gender balance in the population “The estimated number of mission women”. Population and Development Review
C. Searching for the Cause of the Women’s Tradition
Women’s traditional values have such a great influence on their social values. To trace back to women traditional social value, religions play a very important role in women history. Generally speaking, religious beliefs are the causes in the form of human beliefs, values, and mode of behaviors. And sex is an important part in religions theology, cultural value, and ceremony. Searching for the roles of sex in the religions, we will understand the root of the sex /gender system. Take an example of Puritans’ attitudes about women.
Puritans’ foundation view about women is on the basis of the Old Testament and Hebrew’s patriarchy value. They think female’s living purpose is to be a male’s helpmate and bear lots of babies. Females should submit their husbands and their husbands should be the author of female’s moral. Women’s bearing pain is considered as a punishment because of Eve’s treachery. “I will greatly multiply the sorrow and thy conception, in sorrow houl shalt bring forth children…” (Ke Laini,2006, 375).
Puritans find out more warns to prove women should submit their husband in the New Testament,
“Fundamentally speaking, men didn’t come from women, but women were created from men. The wife should obey their husband as did obey masters. Just like Jesus Christ is the head of the church. Just like Jesus Christ is the head of the church. Man is the head of women.” (Ke Laini, 2006, 384).
In their mind, Eve should be a sermon of all of women. Women must under male’s control, if men let them along, women will be crime to lure men, and women will follow the same old disastrous road. The chief view of religion is to suppress women’s self -awareness .It tells women that their responsibilities in society are to be good wives and mothers, what’s more, they should keep their traditional value especially their modest a
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