从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值 [4]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-04编辑:黄丽樱点击率:10948
论文字数:5170论文编号:org200904040917336365语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Tragedyfemale valueself-awarenessexistencepatriarchy悲剧性女性价值自我意识存在父权
, 2002, 673). But Juline can’t meet her needs, what he can do is backing to Mrs. De Renal’s arm.
Mathilde’s tragedy is also female’s tragedy. When female’s self-awareness opposes against their traditional value defined by male, there are only two ways for them to go. That is to obliterate their self-awareness or to meet to male’s value standards.
II. Analysis of the Effect of Women’s Traditional Values on Their Social Values of Existence
A Women’s Traditional Values
Mrs. De Renal owns Julien’s love while Mathilde loses it. That means a victory of the patriarchy. Through the ages, women always live in a strange situation. Their images are praised in many literary works, but in fact they are not allowed to be written into
history and are not paid attentions seriously by society. In real life, when their parents force them to put on a ring, they become their husband’s property. And their social existence shows men’s social position. Women are considered as anything except themselves. They belong to men, living under the Patriarchy and are not admitted to own their self-awareness. As it is mentioned before, Mathilde lost Julien’s love because of her self-awareness conflicts with patriarchy. Patriarchy is absolutely against Mathilde’s self-awareness, just as Simon De Beavvoir, a French feminist writer, says,
She was taught that she must please others; she must transform themselves into “objects”. Therefore, she should give up her spontaneous nature. That people treat her like a living doll. She is not free, thus it becomes vicious circle: The more she didn’t use her freedom to learn and capture the world around her, the worse she depleted her spirit and couldn’t definite her self-assertive person. (Beavvoir, 1987, 261)
That is women’s traditional value. For women to study in society is to learn how to please men. What they have learned in society is how to be men’s substitutes. Therefore, in their thoughts and status, women cannot be equal with men.
B. The Discrimination in Women’s Work and Living Conditions
Mathilde’s tragedy is a tragedy of the whole women history. It is true that women’s position today is higher than those women’s under the old regime. For example, now women have vote rights and employment rights. But it cannot be thought that women are really equal with men. Beavvoir says in her novel The Second Sex, “I shall be told all this is utopian fancy, because woman cannot be transformed unless society has first made her ready the equal of man.” (Beavvoir, 1987, 124). There is some discrimination still in women’s work and living conditions in society.
1. Gender Discrimination in Work
Not surprisingly, women’s advocacy groups are today wishing repeal these restrictive policies, thus putting pressure on policy maker to justify the exclusion of women. These policies maker commission study after study to document the elusive differences between men and women, exploring everything from women’s upper body strength, to their moral in integrated combat units, to their femininity in order to justify excluding them from combat specialties. An air force captain who was a subject in a study-evaluating woman in pilot training school said this of her instruction.
“It was a test program; they wanted to monitor how the women were doing. The first class had it bad, which causes bad feelings between the men and women because the women were treated special. Headquarters monitored everything they did. It was almost like they were trea
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