and his countrymen,Later,he drowned himself out0f despair in the Miluo River in Hunan Province when hiscountry had been conquered.
*Qu Yuan expressed his feelings in his literarymaterpiece Sorrow After Departure:I sigh and wipe awaymy tears,oh! I'm grieved at a life of woes,
Touched by his loyalty,the local people hold dragonboat races each year on the anniversary 0o his death,andthey make zongzi and drop them into the river to feed thefish,hoping that Qu's body Call be kept intact so that his soul will be permitted to go to heaven.
*Dragon boat races and eating zongzi are the most striking features of this special day,Zongzi is pyramid-shaped dumplings wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves,They are made of glutinous rice and stuffed with pork,ham,chicken,dates,or sweet bean paste,The customs of eating zongzi and holding dragon boat races during the Dragon Boat Festival have become part of traditional Chineseculture,Just come to China to experience the fascinatinglocal culture.
笔者尽力在翻译过程中强化跨文化意识,避免逐字逐句的硬译:1)另辟蹊径一超越形式而在更高文化层次寻求信息的转换和连接;2)化繁就简一打破原文布局,合理调整思路;略去无关文字,重新组合文字;精心筛选重点信息,同时根据实际需要灵活增益和更改(下划线部分);3)直指其意一借用英语广告的常用排版模式。列出要点;译文因此变得简洁明了、直观易懂,更加符合外国游客的阅读习惯;4)画龙点睛一借用《离骚》英译中许渊冲先生的精妙译笔(2004:31),为旅游资料的翻译增添文化内涵:“长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰”这两句诗言简意赅。传神达意,形象意境皆出其中,让国外游客有机会通过诗歌这一美丽的语言形式去理解中国文化的精华。
2.跨文化意识在旅游翻译中创造的可读性
以跨文化意识为指引的旅游翻译文本以国外游客为受众,其目的是创造一个了解中国自然地理、文化习俗的平台,让国外旅游者读懂看懂和听懂,以保证跨文化交际的顺利进行。具有跨文化意识的译者在旅游翻译过程中会自觉注重来自不同文化背景的国际旅游者的内心感受,格外关注译文的实用性,有意识地选用国外游客乐于接受的语言形式传递原文的语言和文化信息。帮助他们领略中华民族灿烂文明的独特魅力,感受世界旅游文化的多样性和丰富性。
再看另一份西藏旅游产品的推广资料:
八月,雪顿节的召唤
千千万万的佛教徒从全世界涌向拉萨,以最虔诚的心。一步一个顶礼膜拜,朝圣至高无上的佛祖。最隆重的晒佛仪式、最欢腾的藏戏表演、最热烈的赛马活动……使神秘的西藏风情尽在眼下。
以下是笔者在跨文化意识指引下,追求更具可读性译文的翻译尝试:
August,the Charm of Yoghurt Festival Every year,on the 4th day of the 8th month in theTibetan calendar is Sholton Festival。or Yoghurt festival。the most important festival of the year in Tibet,Tens ofthousands of Buddhists across the world come to Lhasa,prostrating themselves at each step,worsh,Lpping theirsacred Buddha with utmost piety,
The grand“Sunning Buddha”ceremomy,the festiveperformances of Tibetan operas,and the fascinating horse-race-everthing is to feast your eyes with the mysterious customs of Tibet,
Note:Legends have it that in spring when everythingin nature is budding and reviving everywhere,Tibetanmonks choose to stay in the monastery to avoid tramplingon any tender lives outside.
These monks will stay inside until Yoghurt Festvialwhen the local people treat them with yoghurt and the bestfood they have; the local people aslo perform Tibetanoperas while the monks take out a gigantic Buddha imageso the local people can worship.
译文考虑国外游客不同的文化背景,遵循英语的表达习惯,首先提供雪顿节的基本背景知识。旨在弥补文化差异造成的信息空白;然后在译文后加注。旨在增进国外游客对西藏独特的本地文化习俗的了解,更好的发挥旅游翻译资料吸引游客、推广旅游产品的功能;此外,标题选用“Yoghurt Festival”,每个段落围绕一个要点,旨在简单易懂,理顺思路,避免阅读疲劳。
3.跨文化意识在旅游翻译中创造的得体性
译者除了熟悉各种文体的语言特点和灵活运用适合的翻译方法。还要了解不同文化的礼仪和习俗。充分考虑译文在文化层面和心理层面的可接受性,将“译文读者的文化习惯放在首位,处处为译文读者着想”(贺学耘,2006:58),凭借得体的译文使交际得以顺利进行。
公示语的翻译尤其要注意语言的得体性。因此。处理公众场合的文字信息时译者首先要实施“目标情景分析即需求分析”(Hutchinson&Waters,2001:12),明确国际友人在不同场合的社会行为及心理诉求。例如。“游客止步”应译为“Staff Only”:“请勿在草坪上行走”应译为“Please give me a chance to grow”或“Please Keep Off the Grass”:“小心台阶”应译为"Please mind the step”。译文温馨贴心。处处展示出热情、礼貌、友好的态度,既能传递出体贴细致的专业服务意识,又能透过细节折射出译者的翻译理念、翻译经验和翻译智慧。旅游翻译的得体性实质上折射出译者对两种文化语用原则的洞察能力和驾驭能力,是跨文化意识的直接体现。
五、思考
旅游翻译工作者要游刃有余地在英汉两大文化版块的夹缝中实现语言的三种功能即表达功能(experessivefunciton),信息功能(
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