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Major countries recognize shipbuilding industry as strategic manufacturers to enlarge military and commercial capacities after World War II. As a result the Japanese and European government support their yards with subsidies. For example, Japanese government carried forward KeiKaku Zosen (計画造船;けいかくぞうせん), government aided (planned) shipbuilding program.

政府是主要的外部竞争力量，常常影响到五种竞争力。政府经常成为从国外进口船舶的障碍。在第二次世界大战后，主要国家认识到造船产业作为战略制造商有扩大军事和商业的能力。作为结果，日本和欧洲的政府支持与补贴他们的码头。例如，日本及欧洲政府政府推行的计划造船（計画造船；けいかくぞうせん），资助（计划）造船计划。

This policy promoted shipbuilders by supporting subsidy or low interest rates with harmonizing with shipping industry policy. The ships constructed under the planned shipbuilding program occupied 70% of all new building ships between year 1947 and year 1953. As a result this program assisted Japanese shipyards to accumulate higher technologies to get order from overseas owners. Apart from Japanese case, other major countries such as U.S.A. and Great Britain also interfere with normal competition of shipbuilding in the global market. For instance, U.S.A. has the Merchant Marine Act [6] that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried in U.S.-flag ships, constructed in the United States.

航运业的扶持补贴或低利率这一政策促进了造船企业的协调。在1947年和1953年之间,计划造船计划建造的船舶占所有新建造船舶的70%。作为结果，由于这个程序协助日本造船厂积累较高的技术，而得以从海外业主得到订单。除了日本，其他主要国家如美国和英国也干扰了全球造船市场的正常竞争。例如，美国商船法案[6]，美国港口之间所有水运商品必须是在美国建造的、挂美国国旗的船只。

Conclusively, industry competitors and ship owners are the most powerful forces in a competitive structure while governments exert their influences to maintain least competitiveness.

总体来说，虽然政府施加必要的影响以维持最小的竞争力，行业内竞争对手和船东是竞争结构中最强大的力量。

Generic global strategy in shipbuilding industry

造船行业通用的全球战略

According to Michel E. Porter, global industry can take one of the five generic strategies (Cho & Porter, 1987).

Michel E. Porter的全球产业可以采取的五种通用战略(Cho & Porter, 1987)

Global Cost Leadership Strategy

全球成本领先战略

Global Differentiation Strategy

全球差异化战略

Global Focus Strategy

全球焦点战略

National Responsiveness Strategy

国家响应策略

Market Protection Strategy

市场保护战略

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