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a professional worker before he actually works in a company. However, the levels of training is different greatly one from another. If the people just hired are good enough, they would not need so much training before their work. As a result, the number of cost of training could be limited to a rather small number. Otherwise, the cost of training would be a quite a big part of expenditure for companies. As for these, payment of people with high skills, beyond any doubt, could be a little higher than those who are not.

14. Career pathing 职业道路
There are many levels of careers in a company. People usually start with a simple ordinary clerk and get promoted step by step. So a good career pathing is very important. A good career pathing is able to give employees a goal of struggle and can appropriately encourage their enthusiasm for working.

15. Succession planning 继承计划
A good succession planning is as important as a good career pathing for the same reason. A good succession planning is able to give employees a goal of struggle and can appropriately encourage their enthusiasm for working. And it can also guarantee a good prospect for the company.

16. Skill inventories 技能清单
Skill inventory is an employee table.It is a list of ability and related characteristics of employees in different occupation, including training courses, previous experience, the certificates held, examinations had gone through, supervision and judgment, even the strength and patience test.
The main advantage of the skill inventories is that it provides people with a quick and accurate tool for estimating the available skills within the organization.Especially with the wide use of computer and network technology, theproduction and uses of skill inventories are more and more convenient. In addition to providing help for promotion or transfer of decision making, the skill inventories can also be used to plan for future training and even the recruitment of staff.Skill inventories can be used for all employees also can only include some of the employees. Of course, to reflect the main characteristics of the type of employees,for the skill inventories of different types of staff, the specific items in the inventories can be modified and adjusted according to the specific needs.
– D : Performance Management

17. Performance goal 绩效目标
Performance goal provides the evaluation criteria for the assessors and the person being assessed in order to objectively discuss, monitor and measure performance because the employee's performance goal is the basis of effective performance management. Performance objectives are composed of performance content and performance standards.Performance content defines the staff's work tasks, which means employees in the performance appraisal period should do what kind of thing. It includes two parts: the performance of the project and performance indicators.Performance project refers to the latitude of performance which is to say from what aspects of the performance to evaluate of employees.According to the meaning of the performance of the previous speaking—the performance of latitude, performance appraisal project mainly has three aspects: work performance, work ability and work attitude.Performance indicators refer to the specific content of the performance project.It can be understood as the decomposition and refinement of performance pr