英语论文网

Before material ecocriticism,the body is been separating from nature,resulting in abinary opposition between the body and nature.The body has always been the focus ofattention to people,and it has left different prints in different ages.In ancient Greece,there is a binary division of body and mind.Plato has a dialectical discussion about therelation between the body and soul in Phaedo.In Socrates’view,the body and the soulare opposites and he believes that the body is an obstacle to the pursuit of wisdom.Heemphasizes that the soul is eternal and can leave the body.The body is seen as theinferior flesh,a profane thing.“And one must suppose,my friend,that this element isponderous,that is heavy and earthy and is seen”(Plato 31).

In the seventeenth century,Descartes’s theory continues the tradition of consideringmind and soul as the distinction between humans and animals.In his view,the bodystripped of the soul is equivalent to animals,and the body and animals can be regardedas machines.From then on,the topic of the body begins to fade out of people’s favorand Anthropocentrism begins to prevail.In the 19th century,Nietzsche shouts that Godis dead,and calls for starting from the body.It can be seen that Nietzsche emphasizesthe inescapable animal side of human nature,which is irrational and comes from thebody.Therefore,the human body should not be underestimated.At this point,the bodyfrees itself from the fetters.

B.Trans-corporeality in the Ocean and a Global Environmental Crisis

On this planet,there are some marine habitats that are not known to the generalpublic,even to scientists,such as those in the benthic and pelagic zones.Those placesare portrayed as another world and completely separate from human habitats.However,some theories of evolution suggest that life arises in the ocean and that human bodiesare descended from marine ancestors.Charles Darwin notices that,“our ancestor was ananimal which breathed water,had a swim bladder,a great swimming tail,an imperfectskull,and undoubtedly was a hermaphrodite!Here is a pleasant genealogy for mankind”(qtd.in“States of Suspension”479).Darwin believes,human beings are theamalgamation of material in existence which spans a vast space and time.However,it is a historical fact that human beings are still repulsed by the animality of their own bodies.Because of human’s denial of the kinship between themselves and other primates,thereis a doubt on the possibility for humans to accept an androgynous aquatic ancestor astheir evolutionary origin story.In particular,due to the long physical distance betweenthe ocean and human habitats,the unfathomable time distance between aquaticancestors and humans,it is usual that humans often ignore the stories which happen inthe ocean,especially the current ocean environmental crisis.In the novel,it is obviousto notice humans’neglect of the ocean and aquatic ancestors by peering into thebehavior and inner thoughts of Beard,one of the representatives of human beings.

Chapter Three Storied Matter: The Non-human Nature with No Silence...........32

A. The Story of Humans’ Tyranny in t本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。