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e research. Taking Relevance Theory as the basis and McDonald's advertising as a case study, Fan and Chen (2022) endeavor to analyze how Relevance Theory and other multimodal theories can complement each other in explaining multimodality, so as to demonstrate the feasibility of building a relatively integrated analytical framework for multimodal discourse analysis. The study finds that it is advantageous to build a comprehensive theoretical framework for multimodal discourse analysis based on Relevance Theory. 

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework: Relevance Theory ............................ 18

3.1 Essential Concepts in Relevance Theory .......................... 18

3.1.1 Relevance .............................. 18

3.1.2 Principles of Relevance and Optimal Relevance ...................... 19

Chapter Four The Analysis of Multimodal Metaphors in Light of Relevance Theory .... 27

4.1 Multimodal Metaphors Types in Anti-Spoofing Cartoons ....................... 27

4.1.1 Pictorial-Verbal Metaphor ................................... 28

4.1.2 Pictorial-Indexical Metaphor ................................. 31

Chapter Five Conclusion ......................................... 59

5.1 Major Findings and Implications ............................. 59

5.2 Limitations and Prospects ..................................... 61

Chapter Four The Analysis of Multimodal Metaphors in Light of Relevance Theory

4.1 Multimodal Metaphors Types in Anti-Spoofing Cartoons

Based upon 255 multimodal metaphors detected in anti-spoofing cartoons, this thesis combines quantitative methods with qualitative methods to identify multimodal metaphors and classify their types. After careful analysis, it can be found that four major signs are involved in the construction of multimodal metaphors in the collected data. They are pictorial, verbal, indexical, and iconic signs.

According to Charles Sanders Peirce (2004), iconic signs exhibit a resemblance relation between the signifier and the signified, while indexical signs point to the referent it represents thanks to the metonymic relation in between. Take a photo of a person as an example, it stands for the real person (Forceville, 2005b), which belongs to an iconic sign. However, “￥”, a frequently surface sign in the collected data, is an index of RMB in China. The relation between “￥” and RMB is motivated by the conceptual metonymy SIGN FOR ENTITY. Therefore, it should be identified as an indexical sign. Since indexical signs and iconic signs do not cue a metaphor domain in a relation of resemblance, it is better to be detached from the pictorial and verbal signs. 

Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 Major Findings and Implications

After analyzing 150 anti-spoofing cartoons on the official website of China Daily, the major findings include the following aspects:

Firstly, the 255 multimodal metaphors can be divided into four categories: pictorial-verbal metaphor, pictorial-indexical metaphor, verbal-indexical metaphor as well as pictorial-verbal-indexical metaphor. Among these four ca本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。