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entthinking way of Americans.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Definitions of Humor
Humor is very important in our life. It is a common phenomenon shared by allpeople in the world. The study of humor has been going on and efforts has beendevoted to humor for ages; however, there is still quite a lot of controversy about thedefinitions of humor. So far there is not even a consensus on what is meant by humor.Humor is also a very complex phenomenon, and the definitions or the meanings ofhumor vary a lot.Many scholars and researchers attempted at defining humor. The purposes ofstudying humor vary a lot, so researchers tend to emphasize different aspects ofhumor while defining the term. Raskin (1985) developed the meaning of humor whichcan be replaced by the word “funny”, and the meaning of humor is given in the leastrestricted way. Attardo (1996) developed the definition of humor, which is defined asa technical term covering anything that is perceived as funny or interesting. Thedefinitions and interpretations of humor are complex and diverse in the world'sauthoritative encyclopedia and specialized dictionary.According to American theorist Herb True, he prefers to define humor as: humorbrings happiness, and it can make people successfully escape from the sorrowfulexperience and miserable emotions. This is only one of the many definitions andexplanations towards humor. Although scholars haven’t reached a consensus to thedefinition of humor, we have a clear understanding about the purposes of humor.
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2.2 Classifications of Humor
There has been a widespread disagreement about how many different kinds ofhumor exist. There is not a unifying classification of humor. Different scholars andresearchers have introduced various definitions or interpretations towards humor fromdifferent points of view, such as the style of expression, semantic content and otherqualities.From the stylistic approach point of view, relevant terms about humor are joke,parody, satire, comedy, cartoon, pun etc. On the basis of the semantic contentapproach, humor can be classified as political humor, religious humor, sexual humor,Clinton’s humor, Jewish humor and so on.Also, according to the relationship between language and humor, humor can bedefined as verbal humor and non-verbal humor. Verbal humor is expressed throughlanguage and also created by language. It usually conveys humor through rhetoricaltechniques such as sarcasm, ridicule, irony, bombast, pun, allusion and otherrhetorical skills in certain context (Rong Na, 2010).Scholars at home tend to classify humor according to different criteria. TanDaren (1997) divided humor into 4 major categories and a total of 51 small typesbased on humor techniques. Ren Shaowei (2005) classified humor and jokes into 74types. In Kou Cai Quan Ji which is wrote by Tan Mingshan, humor is classified asPersonification humor, displacement humor, self-deprecating humor, analogy humor,black humor, ironic humor etc.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework and Research Methodology........13
3.1 Theoretical Framework....13
3.1.1 Conceptual Integration Theory.........13
3.1.2 Framework and Mental Space..........15
3.1.3 Network Model of Conceptual Integration....16
3.1.4 Conceptual Integration Process........17
3.1.5 Conceptual Integration Networks.....19
3.2 Research Methodol