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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-08-25编辑:yangcheng点击率:11786
论文字数:3293论文编号:org201408242247289182语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
摘要:这份报告将提出一个政治风险的概念性分析,以及在和其他国家运营贸易时必须考虑到的关于政治风险的一些相关的特定方面。为了理解政治风险的概念和术语,我们需要对政治风险先做一个简单的了解。这份报告将建立这样一个理论基础,当在其他国家进行商业运营时要考虑到其中的一些方面的政治风险。
Risk is the opportunity, prospect, or probability of failure (Friedman & Kim, 1988:64). Simply risk is recognized as a prospective problem. Though this view is incomplete and restrictive, particularly opportunity is considered. This argument is supported by Nairne (1997:28) by indicating that “quantitative or qualitative measures of risk are measures of opportunity”. Therefore, risk involves an indecisive condition or event that has negative or positive influence on achieving goals. Companies pay more attention on the positive characteristics of risk over negative features of risk (Frei & Ruloff, 1988:2).
Risk defined by Singleton and Hovden (1987: 27) in abstract terms of probability and loss and they also argued that except in some conditions
1.2 Understanding of risk
Risk is the uncertainty or the state of uncertainty in which the decision makers does not know all the alternatives. Risk originates from uncertainty surrounding in everyday life. It involves regarding a situation where a decision makers will take steps or not to take steps. Risk may be different types like ill health, death, accidents, damage and many other things. Some risks are physical, some are mental and some are associated with financial conditions. Risk can range from confiscation, the harshest, too many lesser but still important government rules and regulations like exchange controls, import restrictions and price controls that directly influence the performance of the business activities.
Understanding the political risk
The term risk is associated with political uncertainty. Political instability and country risk (Friedman & Kin, 1988:64). Political risk covers political affairs and government hindrance. It is said that political risk must be unpredicted (Oseghale, 1993:13). Some of the scholars argue political risk as a loss other indicate political risk as unanticipated or uncertainty, and other refer that political risk originates from environmental factors and some say political risk as interruption or disruption in the business environment.
Understanding the political risk by two researchers
According to Barnett, (2003) political risk may be defined as kind of risk encounter by investors, corporations, and governments that can be realized and supervise with forethought and investment. Because of shortage of consensus defining the political risk is difficult and problematic and what includes in the political risk (Brummersted, 1988; Friedman & kim, 1988:64; Kobrin, 1979:67, Simon, 1982:62). According to Brink (2002:24) illustrates that this is because of difficulty of clarifying of the thought if political risk.
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