《小妇人》和美国的价值观-"Little women" and American values [5]
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论文字数:5715论文编号:org201407251059051940语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:《小妇人》美国价值观
摘要:《小妇人》是美国19世纪最具影响力的女性作家路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的杰作,是“一本写给女孩的作品”。这本书来自现实生活中,集南北战争为背景,并以国内日记的形式对三月四姐妹的成长经历进行描述。作者用简单的现实主义写作手法,再现了在19世纪晚期美国社会的文化价值观,并充分反映了新时代女性的独立精神。三月四姐妹不能忍受呆在家里和他们的贫穷生活,他们出去工作,挣钱养家,为了减轻父母的压力,追求经济独立,实现他们的自我价值。女主人公展示出他们的艺术才能,梅格出去工作挣钱,减轻家庭负担;乔违背传统婚姻,他们独立运营自己的报纸俱乐部;丈夫参加家庭的事情,这些都是新女性和女权主义的意识形态。
Cady, Susan B and other clever women played leading roles in activities about women rights. These women shew their forethought, they participated in the great causes of the day, such as abolitionism, educational reform, labour reform. They also held public assembly; spoke in public by tackling such subjects as labour reform, the gradual emancipation of slaves, and women’s emancipation. These reforms and intellectual currents of the day also led women to expressions of the desire for a change in gender roles. Feminism is a struggle against sexist oppression. Therefore, it is necessarily a struggle to eradicate the ideology of domination that permeates Western culture on various levels, as well as a commitment to reorganizing society so that the self-development of people can take precedence over imperialism, economic expansion and material desires (Hooks Bell, 2006:26).
In 1848, the first women’s rights conference was held inSeneca Falls,New York, at which the delegates discussed about the problems of society, citizens, religions, women’s rights and so forth. The conference adopted Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s Declaration of Sentiments which modeled piercingly Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal…The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part if men toward women, having in objection the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her…” (Odewen, 1842:42). This meeting marked the beginning of the struggle for women’s right, feministic movement quickly sweeping through the entireAmerica, culminates in the early 20th century, which is later viewed as the first wave of American feminism.
Too stunned by the domestic upheaval to search immediately for a solution, women eventually began to offer suggestion. After the Civil War, leaders of the women’s rights movement looked to a new source to improve their status:The United States Constitution. They maintained that voting was a basic right shared by all citizens, men and women, white and black. Although suffrage was the cornerstone of American women’s campaign for political, social, economic equality, it was not the only cause for which they fought. Suffrage fighters aimed to create more fulfilling lives for women. They challenged the traditional notion that women’s destiny lay in full-time homemaking. They praised the value of homemaking but urged women to seek employment outside of the home. They encouraged women to pursuit their careers in industry, science, art, religion, and the conduct of the government of the State. They thought women should not be overwhelmed by household obligation and husbands should share housework and childcare responsibilities. At that time, many women gradually accepted the new idea and fought for their own rights.
When Alcott was young, transcendentalism movement developed in the New England region of theUnited States. It was a protest to the general state of culture and society. Transcendentalists believed that the inherent goodness of both man and nature, society and its institutions - particularly organized religion and political parties - ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual. As a daughter of transcendentalists, she was given freedom to think and behave, and she believed her fate was in her own hand. In this way, her thinking matured rapidly, and she liked to live in he
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