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Englishisation: one dimension of globalisation
L'anglicisation: un aspect de la mondialisation
Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas
University of Roskilde, Denmark

Abstract
This article suggests how the idea of Englishisation' can be approached, and
considers some of the types of data that would facilitate a more informed analysis
of the processes of global English. It also contains a description of the following:
some factors which influence the expansion of English in Europe; language-policy
questions; and a presentation of a pilot empirical study of attitudes to an increased
use of English by academics in one continental European country, Denmark. The
final section returns to explore broader aspects of Englishisation' and resistance to
it, including the question of whether there is any prospect of 'reducing English to
equality', to adapt a phrase first used in South Africa by Neville Alexander in
relation to Afrikaans.
Résumé
L'article montre comment an peut aborder ÂlÊanglicisationÊ et considère quelquesunes
des données dont lÊexamen pourrait faciliter une analyse plus profonde de la
mondialisation de la langue anglaise. Il contient aussi une description de quelques
facteurs qui contribuent à l'expansion de l'anglais en Europe, des défis de la
politique linguistique, ainsi qu'une présentation d'une étude pilote sur les attitudes
envers l'utilisation croissante de l'anglais par les chercheurs d'un pays europeen, le
Danemark. La section finale de l'article revient au contexte plus général de
l'anglicisation ainsi qu'à la résistance à ce développement, et il pose la question de la
possibilité de Âreduire l'anglais a l'egaliteÊ, expression utilisée originellement par
Neville Alexander en Afrique du Sud à l'égard de l'Afrikaans.
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Introduction
English is deeply involved in ongoing processes of globalisation and localisation. Yet
if the role of English, globally and locally, is to be addressed adequately, scholarship
in this branch of applied linguistics needs to be informed by work in economics,
political science, and political sociology, communications, cultural studies, history,
discourse analysis, and sign languages.1
However, as applied linguists operate within institutional structures that
influence decisions on language policy at national, sub- and supranational levels,
particularly in educational reproduction and change, we ought also to be familiar
with work in peace and conflict studies, development studies, multilingual
education, ideology, human rights, and the relationship between biodiversity and
linguistic and cultural diversity.2
A useful umbrella term for addressing the language dimension of such concerns
is Âlanguage ecologyÊ, launched by a pioneer in language planning and bilingualism
studies, Einar Haugen, in 1972 (Dil, 1972) and increasingly visible in the literature on
language policy and its multiple features and ramifications (Fill, 1993; Mühlhäusler,
1996; Phillipson and Skutnabb-Kangas, 1996).
It is clear then that a major multidisciplinary effort is needed, if we are to
understand the roles played by English and other languages in the contemporary
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