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hor and the reader. Attitude is realized through mood, while interaction is realized through modality.  Appraisal  theory  put  forward  by  Martin  (1992)  is  a  new  lexical  grammatical framework  developed  in  the  study  of  interpersonal  meaning.  It  is  concerned  with various attitudes that can be negotiated in discourse. Appraisal meaning is not a casual part  of  the  semantic  system,  but  a  significant  aspect  of  interpersonal  meaning  in discourse.  The  study  of  the  appraisal  meaning  provides  the  researchers  a  new perspective to reveal the interpersonal meaning of discourse.  Thompson  (1995)  makes  an  attempt  to  extend  the  scope  of  the  interpersonal system  by  laying  emphasis  on  interaction  in  written  discourse.  As  one  of  the  most influential people in the study of interpersonal meaning, Thompson (1996) develops an elaborate  framework  that  can  be  used  to  analyze  the interpersonal  meaning  in  spoken and written discourse. Thompson (1996) points out that interpersonal meaning should be realized from two aspects: personal and interactional. Personal involvement mainly involves the speaker’s intervention, and it can be expressed from the two aspects of modality  and  the  evaluation,  but  the  interaction  involves  the  interaction  between  the speaker  and  the  listener,  while  it  can  be  expressed  by  enacted  roles  and  project. Enacted roles can be realized through mood system. 
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2.2 Previous Studies on Emma  
Jane Austen, born in Hampshire,  is one of the most influential women writers in the  field  of  literature,  and  she  is  well-known  for  her  nuanced  observation  and  lively, humorous  words.  Maybe,  Emma  is  not  the most popular in Austen’s novels, but it is undoubtedly  the  most  mature  one  with  complete  style  and  mature  thinking.  In  this novel, either in the thinking and understanding of life and reality or in the use of novel techniques, Austen is more profound and skillful than in her earlier works. The  first  writer  who  comments  on  Emma  is  Scott.  He  thinks  highly  of  Austen’s writing  techniques,  for  “she  makes  ordinary  commonplace  things  and  characters  interesting”  (Gilson,1982:475).  Henry  Lewis  mainly  appreciates  Austen’s works from the  linguistic  aspects  (Zhu  Hong,  1985:4).  During  the  same  period,  there  are  many people  who  belittle Austen’s works. One of the most outstanding  writers  is  Charlotte Bronte.  In  her  letters, &n本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。