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s’ written texts bereflected? What’s the relationship between the fluency of thinking and richness inwritten texts?
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Chapter Two Literature Review

To research into the fluency of thinking and richness in written texts, it isnecessary to trace back the history of the studies of thinking in writing contextresearch. The researcher will give a brief description on the development of creativethinking and the fluency of thinking as well as the study of writing competence andrichness in written texts.Few studies have been conducted on the development of creative thinking andstudents language competence. In terms of the research amount, researches aboutcreative thinking are much more that students’ language competence.The combinationstudies of the two focus on the language competence development of infants andyoung children as well as people with a disability, but they never involves the essenceof the development of creative thinking and language competence.

2.1 Studies of writing competence
When talking about writing competence, it is necessary to mention thedevelopment of language competence. Ferdinand de Saussure distinguishes langueand parole and defines the former as the linguistic competence of the speaker as amember of a speech community, the latter as the actual phenomena or data oflinguistics (utterances) (Robins 1967). N. Chomsky puts forward distinction betweencompetence and performance in later 1950s. Chomsky defines competence as theideal knowledge of the language in a homogeneous speech community, and theperformance the actual realization of this knowledge in concrete situations (Chomsky1965, Radford 1988). However, from Hymes’ perspective, the way in which Chomskydifferentiates competence from performance was somehow unilateral to describelanguage behavior on the whole. Therefore, Hymes (1966) proposes the concept“communicative competence”, which refers to a language user's grammaticalknowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as socialknowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately. On the basis of theargument put forward by Hymes, communicative competence is referred as the mostcommon terminology to explain the tacit knowledge of language and use which isbased on the ability. From Hymes’ opinion, four parameters exists on the basis of thespeaker's communicative competence, i.e. the ability to judge: Whether and to whatdegree something is formally possible; whether and to what degree something isfeasible; whether and to what degree something is appropriate; whether and to whatdegree something is in fact done (Hymes 1972).
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2.2 Studies of creative thinking
Researches about creative thinking may date back to centuries ago. When Galton(1869) studied creative thinking in his book Hereditary Genius, it was regarded as theearliest scientific study about creativity. Later in 1945, American psychologist J.Wallas (1945) did a systematic and scientific study of creative thinking, which studiedthe psychology process of creative thinking in deep thought. From then on, more andmore attention from psychologists was paid on the study of creativity. However, dueto different research emphases, different theoretical bases, different researchmethodologies and different criterion, the definition of creative thinking had noexplicit definition.Although there are different definitions about creativity, most r