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s, animals, things, orideas”(Akmajian, A. & Heny, F.1975:99). However, other researchers claim that thesentences, implying appearance as well as disappearance of something or someone atcertain place, also should be taken into this paradigm. Du Ruiyin(1982), ShenJiashuan (1994) etc. once advocated that “ Existential sentences are regarded asthose sentences expressing the existence, in the widest sense of the notion, of anominal element that plays the semantic role of a patient. Typically, these sentencesinvolve a verb from three categories of presence, appearance and disappearance”.Therefore, it’s undoubted that the existential sentence represents the appearance ordisappearance of something or someone at some place.
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2.2 Previous Studies on There-be Construction
Milsark（1977）discusses lots of important grammatical phenomena related withEnglish Existential Sentences and puts forward great suggestions and solutions in hisMajor Existential Sentences in English ,which is the classic in the Western ESstudies and the highest honor in that field at that time. His study includes thedefiniteness restriction, predication restriction, locative clauses, the ultimate-leftcondition of there, semi-model verbal restriction and external vs. internal BE etc.Moreover, Milsark divides EES into four main parts, namely, Ontological, Locative,Periphrastic and Verbal ES and make further exploration into them in details. Manyof his assumptions and proposals are fundamental and influential.Bolinger (1977) maintains that the meaning of there brings something inawareness. Without Set Stage, there-construction should be adopted in need ofcontextual description until the context is set up. Also, he provides severalexceptional conditions, one is Reminders, the other anaphora vs. cataphora. At last,he points out that the clues of there are its original locative meaning, both of spaceand time, which is different from it .For example, There’s a cake on the shelf. Therecan’t exist without the locative meaning of on the shelf, so there can be considered asthe extent of Abstraction and metaphor.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework.......14
3.1 A Brief Introduction to Cognitive Grammar.......14
3.1.1 Grammar in Cognitive Grammar ......14
3.1.2 Cognitive Grammaticalization ......16
3.2 Framework of Cognitive Grammar.....17
3.2.1 Grammatical Categories in thought and Language.......18
3.2.2 Grammatical Iconicity, Abstraction in Thought and Language ....19
3.2.3 Cognitive Grammaticalization, the Dynamic Construal.......21
3.3 Summary .....22
Chapter Four Cognitive-Grammatical Analysis on There-be Construction.....23
4.1 Introduction.....23
4.2 Iconicity, the Forming Principles of There-be construction .......24
4.3 Cognitive Grammatical Analysis on Numerals Categorization......29
4.4 Cognitive Working Mechanisms of There-be construction. .......34
4.5 Summary .....40
Chapter Five Conclusion .......43
5.1 Major Findings....43
5.2 Limitations of the Thesis.....44
5.3 Directions for Future Research .......45

Chapter Four Cognitive-Grammatical Analysis on There-be Construction

4.1 Introduction
The most rudimentary theory of Cognitive Linguistics is the fact to viewlanguage as an inalie本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。