摘要:英语学术论文写作技巧与格式要求——英文学术论文写作综述|教你如何写一篇完整规范的英文学术论文-之一:用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个,一是参加国际学术会议,在会议上宣讲,促进学术交流;二是在国际学术刊物上发表,使国外同行了解自己的研究成果,同样也是出于学术交流的目的。不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求,但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性,便会起到触类旁通的作用。
全文的主要内容。
以上四种摘要具有许多共性。无论哪种摘要,内容一般都包括:
(1)目的(objectives,purposes):包括研究背景、范围、内容、要解决的问题及解决这一问题的重要性和意义。
(2)方法(methods and materials):包括材料、手段和过程。
(3)结果与简短讨论(results and discussions):包括数据与分析。
(4)结论(conclusions):主要结论,研究的价值和意义等。
无论哪种摘要,语言特点和文体风格也都相同。首先必须符合格式规范。第二,语言必须规范通顺,准确得体,用词要确切、恰如其分,而且要避免非通用的符号、缩略语、生偏词。另外,摘要的语气要客观,不要作出言过其实的结论。
下面从内容、结构布局和语言特点三方面着手,讨论摘要的写作方法和技巧。
2. 摘要的内容与结构
一般来说,摘要必须包括研究目的,研究方法,研究结果,主要结论等内容。也就是说,摘要必须回答“研究什么”、“怎么研究”、“得到了什么结果”、“结果说明了什么”等问题。
2.1 学术期刊论文摘要
这种摘要随同全文一起发表,简短精炼是其主要特点。只需简明扼要地将研究目的、方法、结果和结论分别用1~2句话加以概括即可(如图所示)。至于研究背景或宗旨应在论文的Introduction部分较详细介绍,不必在摘要里介绍。
Title
Author(s), address
Objectives,purpose,hypotheses ..............................................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Methods,materials,procedures .................................................…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Results,data,observations,discussion ...........................................…………………………………………………………………… Conclusions .............................................................................................................................
期刊论文摘要结构布局
例1.
DOES ALUMINUM ENTER THE LIQUID OONTAINED
IN POP CANS AND ALUMINUM COOKWARE?
Daniel T. Moss
Campbell, 353 North King St., Xenia OH 45385
Objective: 1This investigation was performed to see if the aluminum in pop cans (易拉罐)and aluminum cookware enters the liquid they contain. It was hypothesized that aluminum does enter the liquids in aluminum cans and cookware. Methods and Materials: This experiment was performed by testing seven different types of carbonated beverages and water boiled in aluminum cookware for three hours. Every hour a sample was removed for testing. The cookware consisted of a new and old aluminum pot. The colorimetric method was used to determine the concentration of aluminum. Results: The results showed that aluminum was present in carbonated beverages and in the water boiled in the cookware. Conclusions: It was concluded that aluminum existed in carbonated beverages and substances cooked in aluminum cookware, and that the concentration of aluminum increased with time. (126 words)
(本章选文中黑体部分为编者注。)
分析:
本摘要共8句话,126个词。第1句话指出了研究目的:装在易拉罐或铝制炊具中的液体是否含有铝。第2句是假设,铝可能真的会进人装在铝制罐子或炊具中的液体之中。第3~6句是实验材料、时间与方法。第7句是实验结果。第8句是结论:存放于铝制容器或炊具中的液体内含有铝,而且存放的时间越长,铝含量越高。
例1中的主要句型结构如下:
This investigation was performed to see 表示研究目的
It was hypothesized that 表示假设
This experiment was performed by testing 表示实验过程和方法
The colorimetric method was used to determine 表示测量方法
The results showed that 表示实验结果
It was concluded that 表示结论
例2
FACTORS INVOLVED IN POAG:
CAROTENOID INTAKE, EYE COLOR, ANDGIRTH MEASUREMENTS
C. A. Greenell and D. M. Spillman
Department of Physical Education, Health and Sports Studies,
Phillops Hall, Miami University, Oxford Oh 45056
Objective: This study investigates possible effects of high intake of carotenoids(类胡罗卜素), eye color, and girth measurements(眼睛大小)on primary open angle glaucoma (POAG 青光眼). Methods and Materials: Researchers designed a questionnaire that inquired about diet and family and personal health
history. This questionnaire was administered to 250 individuals suffering from glaucoma. Results and Discussion: The dietary data suggested a possible correlation between low habitual intake of vitamin A, E, and C and higher risk of POAG. In addition, the number of persons suffering from POAG with blue eye color was significant
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