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erbs, and even some polysemicwords that can be used metaphorically. While, some other scholars tend to view idiomsin a narrower sense and regard them only as "fixed and semantically opaque ormetaphorical expressions" (Moon, 1998)，such as pull one's leg or blow one's tops.Fernando (1996) defines idioms as “conventionalized multi-word expressions often, butnot always non-literal", which seems more specific and systematic with polysemicwords eliminated. Simpson and Mendis (2003) consider an idiom as “a group of wordsthat occur in a more or less fixed phrase whose overall meaning cannot be predicted byanalyzing the meaning of its constituent parts".
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2.2 Idioms
English idioms play an essential role in the course of learning English as a L2 orFL, for English is rich in idiomatic expressions. Mastering idioms enables the learnersto communicate more effectively and to gain some knowledge about the culture andsociety of English speaking countries, which is a prerequisite for successful languagelearning and native-like command of English. A mastery of idioms is often equatedwith native speaker fluency (Fernando, 1996; Schmitt, 2000; Wray, 2000). Liu (2003)maintains that “idioms have rather rigid structures, quite unpredictable meanings andfairly extensive uses, and that they are ‘a notoriously difficult' but at the same time avery useful aspect of English for language learners”. Pollio, Barlow, Fine & Pollio(1977) analyze political debates, psychology texts, novels, and psychotherapy sessionsto estimate the overall use of non-literal language. They figure that "most Englishspeakers utter about 10 million novel metaphors per lifetime and 20 million idioms perlifetime and this works out to about 3,000 novel metaphors per week and 7,000 idiomsper week". Thus, idiomatic expressions have begun to draw much more attention asthey are commonly encountered in daily speeches (Charteris-Black, 2002).
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Chapter Three LITERATURE REVIEW........... 14
3.1 Introduction..........14
3.2 Previous Studies..........14
3.3 Implications and Limitations of Previous Studies.......... 20
3.3.1 Implications.......... 20
3.3.2 Limitations.......... 20
3.4 Originality of the Present Study.......... 21
Chapter Four RESEARCH DESIGN.......... 22
4.1 Introduction ..........22
4.2 Research Questions and Hypotheses.......... 22
4.3 Experimental Design ..........24
4.3.1 Variables Involved in the Study ..........24
4.3.2 Research Type.......... 25
4.4 Procedures of the Experiment.......... 25
Chapter Five methodology.......... 27
5.1 Introduction.......... 27
5.2 Selection of Participants.......... 27
5.3 Instruments.......... 29
5.3.1 Learning Materials.......... 29
5.3.2 Two Questionnaires.......... 30
5.3.3 Test Papers ..........31
5.4 Pilot Study.......... 33
5.5 Pretests and Questionnaire One.......... 34
5.6 Treatment.......... 35
5.6.1 Idiom Teaching for Experimental Group ..........35
5.6.2 Idiom Teaching for Comparison Group.......... 36
5.7 Immediate Posttest and本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。