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es in renal disease.
本文的目的是探讨肾病急症的处理。
例四: This paper aims at providing an overview of recentknowledge discovery in database(KDD)studies in TCM field (Artif IntellMed. 2006 Aug 21).
本文研究的目的是对中医领域“数据库中的知识发现”的最新研究作一概述。
(注:例一、二为正规使用的时态,例三、四为有的期刊通用的时态)

1.3　背景和目的结合在一起的写法举例
1. 3. 1　背景(Background)　Aspirin can inhibit inflammatory reactions and platelet aggregation, but little is known about the effects of the combination of aspirin plus clopidogre,l a new antiplatelet agen,t on inflammation.
The purpose of this studywas to determine whether aspirin plus clopidogrel can further suppress inflammation in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome〔国外不少期刊采用这种格式,国内也有,此句引自中华医学杂志(英文版)CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 119 No. 1〕.

1. 3. 2　方法(Methods)
例句: Therapy group (40 patients) were given oxymatrine injection combinedwith lamivudine (OL) and control group (40 patients) were given lamivudine (L). The course of treatment of both groups lasted 12 -24 weeks.
治疗组(40个病人)给以氧化苦参碱注射剂合并使用拉米夫定,对照组(40个病人)仅给服用拉米夫定。两组的疗程均为12~24周。

1. 3. 3　结果(Results)
例句: After a median follow-up of 3 years, they found that relapse-free survival was similar between the two groups (95. 4% for the carboplatin group vs 96. 6% for radiation therapy).
经过3年的随访,他们发现,两组间的无复发存活率相似(接受卡铂治疗组的为95. 4%,接受放射治疗组的为96. 6% )。

1. 3. 4　结论(Conclusion)
例一: Further experiments in this area lead us to conclude that the phenomenon is related to rejection.
这方面进一步的实验使我们得出结论:这一现象与排斥反应有关。
例二:Our knowledge about ectasia is still in evolution. Insights into the biomechanics and genetics of the corneamay allow us to further reduce its occurrence.
我们对角膜膨隆的了解仍在不断进展之中。对角膜的生物力学和遗传学的深入了解可使我们进一步降低其发生率。
总之,关于摘要时态的运用,一方面要关注国内外总的趋势,同时更要尊重投稿期刊的规定或使用习惯。

2.　摘要的语态
摘要中语态的使用也存在分歧,有一种主张要求过多地使用被动语态,这未免有些生硬机械。多数主张在“方法”和“结果”中应多用被动语态,体现客观,但在“目的”和“结论”中可依从文章叙述和文字的需要,顺其自然,主动语态或许更能达意,明确有力。语态在平时的投稿摘要中也时有错误发生,现举数例以引起注意。

2.1　方法
错误:To choose 43 cases of patients suffering from cirrhosis hypersplenia afterhepatitis and divided them into two groups.
改正: 43 patients suffering from cirrhosis hypersplenia after hepatitis were chosen and (were) divided into two groups.
错误:We divided the tuberculousbronchopneumonia patients into the therapy group (85 cases) and the control group (79 cases).
改正: 本论文来源于英语论文网（https://www.51lunwen.org/englishpaper.html ）The tuberculous bronchopneumonia patients were divided into the therapy group (85 cases) and the control group (79 cases).

2.2　结果
错误:All theMR images of13 patients showed that periportal fissure become wider with diffuse ab本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。