nlit January morning filled the young teacher with happy thought. 一月的早晨清新晴朗,令年轻教师心中充满了愉快的感想。
D. 其他类型:
(1)The matter asks immediate attention.这件事需要立即予以注意。
(2)Well, Colonel Fitzwilliam, what do I play next? My fingers wait your orders.噢,菲兹威廉上校,接着弹个什么曲子?我在听您吩咐呢。
(3)Her heart did whisper that he had done it for her.她的心里的确嘀咕:为了我,他才这么做的。
二、 无生命主语句的译法
翻译英语的无生命主语句时首先要考虑到其特点,吃透原文, 然后用符合汉语表达习惯的主谓搭配形式把原文的意思传达出来。下面就是常用的几种方法:
A. 改变原句中的主语,即找出合适的动作执行者作为汉语句子的主语,把无生命主语转换为有生命主语,重组句子。例如:
(1) The sight of a tailor-shop gave me a sharp longing to shed my rags, and to clothe myself decently once more.我一看到一家服装店, 心里就起了一阵强烈的愿望, 很想扔掉这身褴褛的衣服,重新穿得象个样子。
(2) Anger choked his words. 他气得话也说不出来。
(3) His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他疲惫不堪,天气也越来越热。 他于是下了决心, 一碰到舒适的阴凉处,就坐下休息。
(4) Her eyes tell me that something must have happened.
我从她的眼中看出一定有什么事发生了。
B. 把无生命主语转化成汉语复句
英语中含无生命主语句,从语法上看常常是简单句,但却因含着一定的逻辑关系,有时还含有并列句和复合句的内容。翻译这类句子时,不能照搬原文表达形式,而要把无生命主语转换成有生命主语或是其他类型的主语,有时还要采用拆分等手段,以便把逻辑关系和时间顺序逐层表达出来。拆译前可增加一些连词(如"因为"、"所以"、"如果"、"虽然"、等),例如:
(1) The bitter weather had driven everyone indoors.
由于天气寒冷刺骨,人人都已躲进了室内。
(2) The sight of the girl always reminds me of her parents.
我一见到这个女孩,就想起她的父母。
(3) A second term would give the President more power than was safe for republican institution. 如果总统竟然连任, 就会使总统权利太大而足以威胁共和制度的安全。
(4) This medicine will make you feel better. 吃了药你会舒服些。
C. 把无生命主语转化成汉语的状语
这种情况下,一般把主语译成时间、地点状语。某些句子的宾语如是表示某种行为和动作的名词,可译为谓语,其定语译为主语。原谓语不翻译,因实质性内容是由宾语及定语表示的。例如:
(1) As he puffed, an abrupt sound startled him.
他正吸烟时,猛然听到一种意料不到的声音,不由得吃了一惊。
(2) Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion.
经过调查, 我们得出了上述结论
(3) The forty years, 1840-80, brought almost ten million migrants to America. 从1840至1880年这四十年中, 近一千万移民移居美国。
(4) Down met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.东方欲晓的时候, 他已走了一大段路了,这次骑马旅行是很愉快的,没有碰到意外事件。
(5) Four days passed, and the fifth day found the King of the Blind still incognito as a clumsy and useless stranger among his subjects. 四天过去了。 到了第五天,这位"盲人之王"仍被他的子民认为是个笨拙无用的外人。
D. 把无生命主语转化成汉语的外位成分
把无生命主语从原句拆出来,作为外位成分,必要时译成无主语句。有时,汉语句子的主语可用一个代词如"这"来替代。这种拆译和转换可以避免汉语的主语太长,又能使主谓靠拢,使整句结构紧凑、逻辑关系清晰。例如:
(1) Zaire defies easy classification.
很难把扎伊尔列入哪个类型中。
(2) The heat makes me sweat like a pig. 热得我满头大汗。
(3) The noise made everybody upset. 闹得大家不得安宁。
(4) The small table overturning as he fell to the carpet helped bring her out of the shock. 他倒在地毯上,把小桌子撞翻,这才令她惊醒过来。
E. 引申英语谓语动词的词义,加以适当变通。例如:
(1) The courage escaped from me at the moment.
那一刻我突然失去了勇气。
(2) From his windows which overlooked the Bay of Naples, he saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and the Greeks. The past began to haunt him. 他站在窗前就能俯视那不勒斯湾。此时,他凭窗远望,看到上百处残踪遗迹,因而联想到罗马和希腊的胜衰。他开始不停地思考起古代社会来。
(3) Her name escaped me. 我记不起她的名字了。
(4) Words failed him. 他说不出话来。
(5) A smile warmed her face. 她的脸上洋溢着微笑。
(6) Warning plates with a red skull and crossbones said in three languages: Danger! 画着红色骷髅和交叉股骨的警告牌上用三种文字标出"危险"的字样。
A lot of troubles visited the poor family.
这个贫困的家庭遇到不少麻烦。
F. 运用使役句式。例如:
(1) His illness left him weak. 疾病使他虚弱。
(2) Continuous r
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