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(1992a,p.48),“ideology”refers to“the conceptual gridthat consists of opinions and attitudes deemed acceptable in a certain society at acertain time,and through which readers and translators approach texts”.Therefore,itcan be seen that“ideology”influences translators’translation activities.In the wholetranslation activity,ideology is usually regarded as the most important manipulativefactor.In order to conform to the mainstream ideology of a particular era,translatorswill manipulate and restrict the text to some extent.

4.1.1 Ideological Manipulation on Jame Legge’s Translation

Individual ideology is affected by personal experience,while the social dominantideology reflects the real appearance of the social environment and livingcircumstances.James Legge’s personal experience and living environment deeplyinfluenced his translation.James Legge was born in the small town named Huntly Aberdeen Shire which was a particular active place for missionary activities in Britainat that time.At the same time,James Legge was born in a Christian family becausehis parents were enthusiastic and firm supporters of the independent church.As aresult,under the influence of the surroundings and the families,Legge becameextremely devout and reverent to Christianity at an early age.In his youth,Legge alsomet an old man with a white beard who quoted the words of Gospels and wrote in hishands:Legge,the servant of God(Legge,1880,p.7-8).So the seed of Christianitywas buried in Legge’s heart.

Chapter FiveCONCLUSION

5.1 Major Findings

Based on Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory,this thesis is mainly to analyze andcompare the manipulative factors which are ideological factors,poetic factors andpatronage factors in Legge’s English version of Zhongyong and Ames and Hall’sEnglish version of Zhongyong.Moreover,this thesis also explores the similarities anddifferences between the two English versions by comparing two English versions.And main findings of this thesis are summarized as follows:

The first is the ideological factor in Manipulation Theory.James Legge’stranslation is deeply influenced by Christianity in terms of“ideology”.And itsspecific manifestation is that Legge translates the original text in the way of“interpreting Confucianism with Jesuit”and always criticizes Chinese Confucianismwhich is inconsistent with Christianity.However,Ames and Hall’s translation isdeeply influenced by“ideology”with philosophical view.And its concretemanifestation is that they use process language because they notice that Chinesephilosophical world pays more attention to process than entity.What’s more,it isfound that the two versions are manipulated by ideological factors through comparingtwo English versions.And the similarity between the two versions is that thetranslators of the two versions embody the view that Confucianism is a religion.Andthe difference is that they have different attitudes towards Confucianism under theinfluence of“ideology”that James Legge is critical and dissatisfied with Confucianism,but Ames and Hall more respect Confucianism and promote thedevelopment of Chinese philosophy.

reference(omitted)

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