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, as John Keats writes, once has been infatuated “so delicious were the words she sung” and “singing so sweet lays”, when the trumpets from the slope side of a suburb hill comes, his spirits “pass’d beyond its golden bourn into the noisy world almost forsworn”. That is to say, it becomes all too tempting for Lycius to entertain the idea of venturing beyond the confines of their palace and partakes the “noisy world almost forsworn”, which to him is appropriate starting from a grandiose, spectacle-like wedding ceremony. The allure of the outside world’s opulence and festivities proves difficult for him to resist, leading him to contemplate abandoning the tranquility of their hidden abode. 

My thoughts! shall I unveil them? Listen then!  What mortal hath a prize, that other men  May be confounded and abash’d withal. But lets it sometimes pace abroad majestical. And triumph, as in thee I should rejoice  Amid the hoarse alarm of Corinth’s voice. Let my foes choke, and my friends shout afar, While through the thronged streets your bridal car  Wheels round its dazzling spokes. (Complete Poems 353) 

Conclusion

Keats’s portrayal of Lamia’s torment serves as a reminder of the deep-seated contradictions and complexities arisen from the inherent tension between rationality and sensibility that constantly haunt human beings. Through this character, Keats explores the paradoxical nature of human existence, where the pursuit of sensuous happiness is often in contradiction with rationality that itself is an organic part of human integrity. 

Furthermore, the intricate presentation of the palace as a utopian space deepens our understanding of the clash between rationality and sensibility. On the one hand, Lamia constructs the palace as a secret place of sensibility sheltering her erotic love with Lycius. She hopes this secluded space will last forever just as her own immortality. One the other hand, Lycius longs for the life beyond this secluded palace, and wants to utilize the palace to fulfill his own vain wishes, just like all mortals do. This palace therefore symbolizes the intertwined battles between sensibility and rationality, immortality and mortality, authenticity and vanity. Its final fate indicates Keats’s own pessimistic understanding toward this utopian space too ethereal to last in this world. 

What’s even more significant is that the portrayal of Lamia is intricately woven through Keats’s concept of negative capability, which challenges human subjectivity. Lamia, represents a utopian character who unabashedly embodies her animalistic desires and physical cravings. Keats’s negative capability empowers the poet to delve into Lamia’s inner world with vivid imagination, crafting her with an appreciative tone that resists mere rationality. This approach perfectly aligns with Lamia’s inhuman, animalistic nature, naturally constructing a utopian realm through this utopian figure. 

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