浅谈非言语交际及其在交际中的影响 [4]
论文作者:李秋漪论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-06编辑:黄丽樱点击率:14403
论文字数:6932论文编号:org200904061125343640语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:nonverbal communicationcultural differencefunctioninfluenceteaching非言语交际文化差异功能影响教学
s speech, he said, “The level of our life now has exceeded any time in
history, for we eat so much.” To this point, he stopped on purpose looking at the audiences for a while. Then he continued with the finger pointing to his huge stomach, “this is powerful evidence.” Churchill used nonverbal approach twice to assist verbal language. At first, he intentionally used pause to attract the attention of the mass; then he skillfully used the body language----pointing his beer belly to receive vivid effect. [5](P17) So only when linguistic communication system mixes with nonverbal communication can it form a complete communicative system. If it breaks away from the cooperation and assistance of nonverbal behavior, it is hard to attain effective goal of communication.
3.3Reinforcing
Nonverbal signals may be used to emphasize a portion of the verbal message. People frequently use movements of the head and hands such as nods, blinks, squints, and shrugs, to help accent or punctuate the verbal message. If you say “I love you” to someone you care about, a hug or kiss is usually followed. Reinforcing can also be achieved by changing the pitch or stress on a word or group of words. Our entire meaning relies more heavily on words that are accented. For instance:
(1) I want to talk with him. (The sentence meaning lays emphasis on the person who wants to talk.)
(2) I want to talk with him. (The sentence meaning relies on the action that the person wants to perform.)
(3) I want to talk with him. (The sentence meaning puts stress on the conversational partner with whom the person wants to communicate.)
3.4Substituting
We use substitution in nonverbal communication when we perform some action instead of speaking. Quite a few nonverbal messages are commonly use to take the place of words. If you see a very special friend, you are apt to enlarge the size of your smile and throw open your arms to greet him or her, which is a substitute for all the words it would take to convey the same feeling. If a group of people is boisterous, you might place your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying, “Please calm down so that I can speak.” Sometimes, when we are too sad or excited to say anything, we just keep silent. Our silence may replace any verbal messages. In some situation verbal words are unnecessary for silence at the moment surpasses words. [6](P12) Before Iraq was intruded by the US, Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein fired toward the sky in the presence of the mass to show the anger and the decision of fighting against the US. (from TV report) The action the president showed would be more powerful than words that called on the Iraqi people to counterattack American troops. For deaf-mutes, born to be unable to communicate verbally like normal people, the sign language or gesture provides opportunity for them to communicate with others in the silent world. In this case, nonverbal communication replaces the function of verbal one.
For nonverbal communication to act as substitution, it must be interpreted in specific culture. Here are some examples: If we try to use our culture’s nonverbal substitutes in another culture, misunderstandings may occur. Arab men often greet by kissing on both cheeks. In Buddhism countries of Southeast Asia like Thailand, people greet with both hands closed in front of chest. In Japan, men greet by bowing, and in the United States, people shake hands. Americans who say “I” by pointing to their chests
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